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For over sixty million Americans, possessing a criminal record overshadows everything else about their public identity. A rap sheet, or even a court appearance or background report that reveals a run-in with the law, can have fateful consequences for a person’s interactions with just about everyone else. The Eternal Criminal Record makes transparent a pervasive system of police databases and identity screening that has become a routine feature of American life. The United States is unique in making criminal information easy to obtain by employers, landlords, neighbors, even cyberstalkers. Its nationally integrated rap-sheet system is second to none as an effective law enforcement tool, but it has also facilitated the transfer of ever more sensitive information into the public domain. While there are good reasons for a person’s criminal past to be public knowledge, records of arrests that fail to result in convictions are of questionable benefit. Simply by placing someone under arrest, a police officer has the power to tag a person with a legal history that effectively incriminates him or her for life. In James Jacobs’s view, law-abiding citizens have a right to know when individuals in their community or workplace represent a potential threat. But convicted persons have rights, too. Jacobs closely examines the problems created by erroneous record keeping, critiques the way the records of individuals who go years without a new conviction are expunged, and proposes strategies for eliminating discrimination based on criminal history, such as certifying the records of those who have demonstrated their rehabilitation.
Data-driven criminal justice operations have led to the transformation of criminal records into millions of data points. These records are publicly disclosed on the internet, commodified into valuable big data, and leveraged against people. In Digitial Punishment, Sarah Lageson demonstrates the consequences this system has for people, society, and public policy.
Mandated Benefits 2022 Compliance Guide is a comprehensive and practical reference manual that covers key federal regulatory issues which must be addressed by human resources managers, benefits specialists, and company executives in all industries. This comprehensive and practical guide clearly and concisely describes the essential requirements and administrative processes necessary to comply with employment and benefits-related regulations.
Mandated Benefits 2016 Compliance Guide is a comprehensive and practical reference manual covering key federal regulatory issues that must be addressed by human resources managers, benefits specialists, and company executives in all industries. This comprehensive and practical guide clearly and concisely describes the essential requirements and administrative processes necessary to comply with all benefits-related regulations. It covers key federal regulatory issues that must be addressed by human resources managers, benefits specialists, and company executives across all industries. Mandated Benefits 2016 Compliance Guide includes in-depth coverage of these and other major federal regulations: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) ActMental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA)Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Heroes Earnings Assistance and Relief Tax Act (HEART Act) Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) Mandated Benefits 2016 Compliance Guide helps take the guesswork out of managing employee benefits and human resources by clearly and concisely describing the essential requirements and administrative processes necessary to comply with each regulation. It offers suggestions for protecting employers against the most common litigation threats and recommendations for handling various types of employee problems. Throughout the Guide are numerous exhibits, useful checklists and forms, and do's and don'ts. A list of HR audit questions at the beginning of each chapter serves as an aid in evaluating your company's level of regulatory compliance. Mandated Benefits 2016 Compliance Guide has been updated to include: The latest trends in successful Ethics and Compliance ProgramsInformation on the Department of Labor (DOL) proposed changes to the FLSA white collar exemptionsThe latest DOL guidelines on the determination of independent contractor status The new regulations and guidelines for health care reform as mandated by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), specifically updates and new information on Summary of Benefits and Coverage (SBC); limits on cost-sharing; the employer shared responsibility (pay or play) requirements, information reporting--Forms 1094 and 1095 SHOP--the small group market of the health care marketplace; and the so-called Cadillac Tax--the 40 percent excise tax on high cost health plansThe major revisions to excepted benefits under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), including limited wraparound benefits, EAPs, non-coordinated excepted benefits, and supplemental excepted benefitsThe reinstated Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA)Information on the proposed definition of fiduciary and the Supreme Court's first ever ruling on fiduciary standards Expanded information about joint employer relationships An expanded section describing the employment application process; information about the status of the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA); and proposed changes to E-VerifyNew material on proposed sex discrimination guidelines And much more
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Mandated Benefits 2020 Compliance Guide is a comprehensive and practical reference manual that covers key federal regulatory issues which must be addressed by human resources managers, benefits specialists, and company executives in all industries. This comprehensive and practical guide clearly and concisely describes the essential requirements and administrative processes necessary to comply with employment and benefits-related regulations. Mandated Benefits 2020 Compliance Guide includes in-depth coverage of these and other major federal regulations and developments: HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Wellness Programs: ADA and GINA regulations Mental Health Parity Act, as amended by the 21st Century Cures Act Reporting Requirements with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission AAPs: final rules Pay Transparency Act Mandated Benefits 2020 Compliance Guide helps take the guesswork out of managing employee benefits and human resources by clearly and concisely describing the essential requirements and administrative processes necessary to comply with each regulation. It offers suggestions for protecting employers against the most common litigation threats and recommendations for handling various types of employee problems. Throughout the Guide are numerous exhibits, useful checklists and forms, and do's and don'ts. A list of HR audit questions at the beginning of each chapter serves as an aid in evaluating your company's level of regulatory compliance. In addition, Mandated Benefits 2020 Compliance Guide provides the latest information on: Family and Medical Leave Substance Abuse in the Workplace Workplace Health and Safety Recordkeeping and Documentation Integrating ADA, FMLA, Workers' Compensation, and Related Requirements Significant Developments at the EEOC Affirmative Action Plans Retirement Savings Plans and Pensions Pay Practices and Administration Health, Life, and Disability Insurance Managing the Welfare Benefits Package Human Resources Risk Management And much more! Previous Edition: Mandated Benefits 2019 Compliance Guide, ISBN 9781543800449
With the introduction of more aggressive policing, prosecution, and sentencing since the late 1970s, the number of Americans in prison has increased dramatically. While many have credited these "get tough" policies with lowering violent crime rates, we are only just beginning to understand the broader costs of mass incarceration. In Barriers to Reentry? experts on labor markets and the criminal justice system investigate how imprisonment affects ex-offenders' employment prospects, and how the challenge of finding work after prison affects the likelihood that they will break the law again and return to prison. The authors examine the intersection of imprisonment and employment from many vantage points, including employer surveys, interviews with former prisoners, and state data on prison employment programs and post-incarceration employment rates. Ex-prisoners face many obstacles to re-entering the job market—from employers' fears of negligent hiring lawsuits to the lost opportunities for acquiring work experience while incarcerated. In a study of former prisoners, Becky Pettit and Christopher Lyons find that employment among this group was actually higher immediately after their release than before they were incarcerated, but that over time their employment rate dropped to their pre-imprisonment levels. Exploring the demand side of the equation, Harry Holzer, Steven Raphael, and Michael Stoll report on their survey of employers in Los Angeles about the hiring of former criminals, in which they find strong evidence of pervasive hiring discrimination against ex-prisoners. Devah Pager finds similar evidence of employer discrimination in an experiment in which Milwaukee employers were presented with applications for otherwise comparable jobseekers, some of whom had criminal records and some of whom did not. Such findings are particularly troubling in light of research by Steven Raphael and David Weiman which shows that ex-criminals are more likely to violate parole if they are unemployed. In a concluding chapter, Bruce Western warns that prison is becoming the norm for too many inner-city minority males; by preventing access to the labor market, mass incarceration is exacerbating inequality. Western argues that, ultimately, the most successful policies are those that keep young men out of prison in the first place. Promoting social justice and reducing recidivism both demand greater efforts to reintegrate former prisoners into the workforce. Barriers to Reentry? cogently underscores one of the major social costs of incarceration, and builds a compelling case for rethinking the way our country rehabilitates criminals.
This excerpt from the “masterful, timely, data-driven” study of the gun control debate examines the potential of stronger purchasing laws (Choice). As the debate on gun control continues, evidence-based research is needed to answer a crucial question: How do we reduce gun violence? One of the biggest gun policy reforms under consideration is the regulation of firearm sales and stopping the diversion of guns to criminals. This selection from the major anthology of studies Reducing Gun Violence in America presents compelling evidence that stronger purchasing laws and better enforcement of these laws result in lower gun violence. Additional material for this edition includes an introduction by Michael R. Bloomberg and Consensus Recommendations for Reforms to Federal Gun Policies from the Johns Hopkins University.