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Esta obra ofrece una síntesis de los elementos y aspectos jurídico-institucionales esenciales para el desarrollo de cualquier curso universitario que, desde la diversa perspectiva de las ciencias sociales, jurídicas y políticas, estudie la historia de las edades moderna y contemporánea. El libro se abre con un ensayo que ilustra los distintos «tipos históricos» del Estado y de la constitución, definiendo las nociones de «Estado jurisdiccional», «Estado de derecho» y «Estado constitucional», así como las de constitución «estamental», «liberal» y «democrática». Los tres ensayos siguientes analizan, respectivamente, tres grandes ámbitos en los cuales se desarrolla lo moderno: los derechos, cuya forma individual marca el comienzo y las sucesivas modulaciones de la misma edad moderna; los poderes, con la trabajosa afirmación de una función administrativa y la paralela superación de la antigua supremacía de la jurisdicción; y la actividad normativa, con la afirmación del Código como modo históricamente determinado de producción del derecho. Los restantes trabajos estudian cómo este «triunfo de lo moderno» se expresa también en las formas de propiedad, en el trabajo y la empresa, en la justicia criminal y, por último, en las relaciones internacionales.
Los acontecimientos que han marcado la historia de Alemania y la evolución del marxismo a lo largo del siglo XX son el telón de fondo desde el que cobra sentido el pensamiento político y jurídico de Ernst Bloch. Y es ésa, precisamente, la perspectiva desde la que se quiere afrontar la obra de Bloch, uno de los más destacados representantes del «marxismo occidental» y uno de los clásicos de la «tragedia de la cultura» moderna. En sus páginas se examinarán la evolución de su pensamiento político que, desde su actitud de rechazo de la Primera Guerra Mundial (a diferencia de Max Weber y otros destacados intelectuales alemanes) y el «romanticismo revolucionario» de sus primeras obras, alcanza su momento de máximo desarrollo en el análisis de la República de Weimar y las causas que llevaron al triunfo del nacionalsocialismo. También se estudia la significación política de «El principio esperanza» y la función que Bloch desempeñó en la República Democrática de Alemania hasta su definitiva marcha a la República Federal y su influjo en el surgimiento de la teología de la esperanza y el «movimiento estudiantil» de los años sesenta. En la segunda parte se presta especial atención al problema del derecho natural en la obra de Bloch. Bloch abrirá para el marxismo el campo de los derechos humanos, al considerarlos la «herencia básica» del derecho natural y algo que, por tanto, cualquier forma de pensamiento crítico debe recoger. Así entendido, el derecho natural constituye una «utopía jurídica», que se ha ido desenvolviendo a través del tiempo y que constituye el eje de una «teoría marxista del Derecho». Todo ello permitirá ver cómo en el pensamiento jurídico de Bloch –al igual que en el resto de su obra– se elabora una teoría que no se parece a ninguna otra, siempre en camino a la búsqueda de la sociedad mejor, del mundo verdadero.
http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/gplh3 http://www.epubli.de/shop/buch/48746 "Spanish colonial law, derecho indiano, has since the early 20th century been a vigorous subdiscipline of legal history. One of great figures in the field, the Argentinian legal historian Víctor Tau Anzoátegui, published in 1997 his Nuevos horizontes en el estudio histórico del derecho indiano. The book, in which Tau addressed seminal methodological questions setting tone for the discipline’s future orientation, proved to be the starting point for an important renewal of the discipline. Tau drew on the writings of legal historians, such as Paolo Grossi, Antonio Manuel Hespanha, and Bartolomé Clavero. Tau emphasized the development of legal history in connection to what he called “the posture superseding rational and statutory state law.” The following features of normativity were now in need of increasing scholarly attention: the autonomy of different levels of social organization, the different modes of normative creativity, the many different notions of law and justice, the position of the jurist as an artifact of law, and the casuistic character of the legal decisions. Moreover, Tau highlighted certain areas of Spanish colonial law that he thought deserved more attention than they had hitherto received. One of these was the history of the learned jurist: the letrado was to be seen in his social, political, economic, and bureaucratic context. The Argentinian legal historian called for more scholarly works on book history, and he thought that provincial and local histories of Spanish colonial law had been studied too little. Within the field of historical science as a whole, these ideas may not have been revolutionary, but they contributed in an important way to bringing the study of Spanish colonial law up-to-date. It is beyond doubt that Tau’s programmatic visions have been largely fulfilled in the past two decades. Equally manifest is, however, that new challenges to legal history and Spanish colonial law have emerged. The challenges of globalization are felt both in the historical and legal sciences, and not the least in the field of legal history. They have also brought major topics (back) on to the scene, such as the importance of religious normativity within the normative setting of societies. These challenges have made scholars aware of the necessity to reconstruct the circulation of ideas, juridical practices, and researchers are becoming more attentive to the intense cultural translation involved in the movement of legal ideas and institutions from one context to another. Not least, the growing consciousness and strong claims to reconsider colonial history from the premises of postcolonial scholarship expose the discipline to an unseen necessity of reconsidering its very foundational concepts. What concept of law do we need for our historical studies when considering multi-normative settings? How do we define the spatial dimension of our work? How do we analyze the entanglements in legal history? Until recently, Spanish colonial law attracted little interest from non-Hispanic scholars, and its results were not seen within a larger global context. In this respect, Spanish colonial law was hardly different from research done on legal history of the European continent or common law. Spanish colonial law has, however, recently become a topic of interest beyond the Hispanic world. The field is now increasingly seen in the context of “global legal history,” while the old and the new research results are often put into a comparative context of both European law of the early Modern Period and other colonial legal orders. In this volume, scholars from different parts of the Western world approach Spanish colonial law from the new perspectives of contemporary legal historical research."
Comprising an array of distinguished contributors, this pioneering volume of original contributions explores theoretical and empirical issues in comparative law. The innovative, interpretive approach found here combines explorative scholarship and research with thoughtful, qualitative critiques of the field. The book promotes a deeper appreciation of classical theories and offers new ways to re-orient the study of legal transplants and transnational codes. Methods of Comparative Law brings to bear new thinking on topics including: the mutual relationship between space and law; the plot that structures legal narratives, identities and judicial interpretations; a strategic approach to legal decision making; and the inner potentialities of the 'comparative law and economics' approach to the field. Together, the contributors reassess the scientific understanding of comparative methodologies in the field of law in order to provide both critical insights into the traditional literature and an original overview of the most recent and purposive trends. A welcome addition to the lively field of comparative law, Methods of Comparative Law will appeal to students and scholars of law, comparative law and economics. Judges and practitioners will also find much of interest here.
Slavery helped finance the Industrial Revolution in England. Plantation owners, shipbuilders, and merchants connected with the slave trade accumulated vast fortunes that established banks and heavy industry in Europe and expanded the reach of capitalism worldwide. Eric Williams advanced these powerful ideas in Capitalism and Slavery, published in 1944. Years ahead of its time, his profound critique became the foundation for studies of imperialism and economic development. Binding an economic view of history with strong moral argument, Williams's study of the role of slavery in financing the Industrial Revolution refuted traditional ideas of economic and moral progress and firmly established the centrality of the African slave trade in European economic development. He also showed that mature industrial capitalism in turn helped destroy the slave system. Establishing the exploitation of commercial capitalism and its link to racial attitudes, Williams employed a historicist vision that set the tone for future studies. In a new introduction, Colin Palmer assesses the lasting impact of Williams's groundbreaking work and analyzes the heated scholarly debates it generated when it first appeared.