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Avec trois millions d'habitants, l'aire métropolitaine de Varsovie est aujourd'hui au neuvième rang des capitales les plus peuplées de l'UE. Avant d'en arriver là, elle a traversé, pendant cinq décennies, une série de bouleversements de sa structure économique. Cet article explique comment une ville à l'environnement et aux infrastructures dégradés est devenue la capitale la plus riche d'Europe de l'Est.
Located between three European capital cities, Győr has to work hard to attract investment and jobs. The Hungarian city has set itself up to attract innovative companies, creating new urban values such as education-based innovation, a high-quality urban environment and a lively cultural sphere. Here's how a "secondary city" builds on its industrial past even as it breaks away from its dependence on it.
Macro-based asset allocation is based on the identification of turning points in macro-financial cycles. This paper suggests that macro-based asset allocation informed by trends in continuous business and financial cycle indicators could be a promising alternative for medium- and long-term investment strategies. Despite changes during the last three decades, the most promising specifications of this approach did roughly anticipate turning points in asset price cycles, implying favourable returns and low portfolio volatility.
By the end of this century, 9 out of 10 Europeans will live in an urban area. But what kind of city will they call home? You'll find all the answers in CITY, TRANSFORMED, the new essay series from the European Investment Bank. This panoramic first essay in the series lays out a great sweeping history of European cities over the last fifty years—and showcases new directions being taken by some of our most innovative cities. Urban experts Greg Clark, Tim Moonen, and Jake Nunley based at University College London take a definitive look at how Europe's cities transformed from post-industrial decline to thriving metropolises that are as prosperous and liveable as anywhere on Earth.
IFIs provide funding for SMEs, but what impact does this actually have on these firms? This working paper assesses the impact of funding by the EIB on the performance of more than 5,000 SMEs in eight countries in Central and Eastern Europe during 2008-2014. Using propensity score matching and difference-in-difference estimation exercises, it indicates that EIB lending has had a positive effect on employment, revenues and profitability. This holds whether or not the economy is in a period of crisis or recovery.
Bologna's unique political and cultural history helped it forge ahead of most Italian cities with strategic investments in services, health care and education. How well does its focus on sustainability in a range of areas set it up for continued success? This essay provides an overview of the development of the Bologna metropolitan region in recent decades, emphasising the role of urban policy and investment within a wider territorial context — European, national and regional.
Energy audits are key to increase investments in energy efficiency This paper assesses the effectiveness of policy interventions in promoting energy audits by relying on evidence from a unique experiment. The findings of the experiment allow us to quantify by how much the probability that firms invest in energy audits increases, as the policy mix changes.
Burgas regularly tops the list of best places to live in Bulgaria. Whether enjoying a walk through the resplendent Sea Garden, relaxing on the beautiful central city beach, or enjoying a drink and fresh grilled fish at one of the many outdoor bars and restaurants, it is easy to see why tourists like it so much. A key challenge for the city, however, is to extend this good feeling to the off-season, when tourists are few, the economy is less animated, and the central area is almost comatose after dark. The city aims to deliver this transformation with its smart city agenda.
Once upon a time there was a city in a cold place a long way to the north. One day the city started to tell a story about itself. As the chapters unfolded, life in the city changed, and soon it didn't even seem so cold or far away any more. People listened to the story and realised that the city wasn't quite what they expected. They started to tell the story to each other about how the city had created a magical unicorn factory... Here's how Stockholm built a narrative for itself – and backed it up with urban development that was innovative and sustainable.
We use the association between non-financial firms and their banks, an information available in the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS), to disentangle the effects of borrowers' and lenders' financial weakness on the satisfaction with the loan contracted. The dataset matches survey data of non-financial firms about their satisfaction with bank lending with their financial data and the financial data of their banks. We find evidence of both demand and supply factors determining firm satisfaction with bank loan financing: non-financial firms with weaker finances and those financed by weaker banks are less satisfied with their bank financing. We also find that the impact of supply factors differs across regions within the EU: the effect of bank's financial weakness on borrower satisfaction is not significant in core countries but is in periphery countries.