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Développement, participation et connaissance : quelles leçons pouvons-nous tirer de l'expérience de la coopération internationale sur ces thèmes essentiels pour notre avenir ? Quels sont les défis lancés aux institutions nationales et internationales par les approches participatives ? L'auteur utilise des instruments et des critères des sciences sociales pour analyser les pratiques d'intervention et les méthodologies d'évaluation du développement participatif. L'ouvrage examine des données telles que la vision de la participation populaire dans les politiques de développement en Ethiopie, la gestion du cycle du projet par la Banque mondiale et la professionnalisation du développement social en Grande-Bretagne, en Italie et aux Etats-Unis. Une étude des processus décisionnels utilisés dans la planification du développement conduit à envisager les initiatives de coopération sur des terrains de confrontation et de dialogue. C'est donc une approche novatrice, qui vise à concilier les logiques de la planification du changement avec l'exigence de la participation des acteurs du développement. Le principe du développement participatif met l'accent sur le caractère procédural et flexible de la planification, sur la nécessité de se confronter continuellement avec les acteurs sociaux engagés dans une intervention, et sur l'opportunité de définir des dispositifs de changement qui constituent des terrains de dialogue et de confrontation entre les différents savoirs. Aussi remet-il en question les schémas de planification rigide qui ont eu tant de poids dans les pratiques d'intervention des agences de coopération.
Intended for aspiring and new practitioners of Participatory Research and Development (PR&D) as well as field-based researchers in developing countries. Highlights that agricultural research and development has become a joint approach to deal with diverse biophysical environments, multiple livelihood goals, rapid changes in local and global economies, and an expanded range for stakeholders over agriculture and natural resources.
The present APAD Bulletin contains a selection of papers presented at the APAD 2010 Conference in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, on the theme "Engaging Anthropology for Development and Social Change: Practices, Discourses and Ethics." Anthropological engagements face important challenges at the interface of research and development. The different ways by which anthropologists take on societal problems - either in their research capacity, as development experts, as activists, or as citizen - are inscribed in a longstanding debate. In this APAD Bulletin, the contributors deal with the central questions of how and under which conditions anthropology engages with society. The papers range from epistemological reflections and methodological queries to the anthropology of per diem and of public health, as well as to practical problems confronting anthropologists engaged in development cooperation. [PLEASE NOTE: This volume's Introduction is in English text. The remaining text is French language text only. There is no English translation.] (Series: APAD Bulletin - Vol. 34)
A vivid ethnographic study of cattle traders, truckers, public contractors and NGO actors' everyday encounters with state bureaucracies in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
This book provides analytical arguments that demonstrate the necessity to go beyond not only mainstream economics but also, and especially, the capitalist economy itself. It provides a radical critique of mainstream economics, comparing it to an unscientific form of single thought, and applies this criticism to the specific fields of growth, development, the institutions, defense, or the environment. It targets both neoclassical economics and reformist “soft heterodox” currents, from neoinstitutionalists to neo-Keynesians—including Thomas Piketty or Amartya Sen, among others. In doing so, it rejects Keynes’ theories of money, the crisis, and the state. It then offers a Marxist interpretation of the current crisis of capitalism, considering it as a systemic crisis without solutions internal to its own logic and dynamics, and emphasizes the links between this capitalist crisis and imperialist wars, and the destruction of the environment and natural resources by capital. The book concludes by arguing that we must find the necessary theoretical and practical alternatives in a Marxist perspective, advocating for socialist transitions away from the capitalist economy to protect humanity and the environment.
Agroforestry has great potential for reducing deforestation and forest degradation, providing rural livelihoods and habitats for species outside formally protected land, and alleviating resource-use pressure on conservation areas. However, widespread adoption of agroforestry innovations is still constrained by a myriad of factors including design features of candidate agroforestry innovations, perceived needs, policies, availability and distribution of factors of production, and perception of risks. Understanding the science, and factors that regulate the adoption, of agroforestry and how they impact the implementation of agroforestry is vitally important. Agroforestry for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Science and Practice examines design features and management practices of some agroforestry practices and their impact on biodiversity and the ecosystem services it delivers. It also identifies policy issues for facilitating adoption of desirable agroforestry practices and gradual diminution of undesirable policies.
One of Africa's major untapped resources is the creativity of its farmers. This book presents a series of clear and detailed studies that demonstrate how small-scale farmers, both men and women, experiment and innovate in order to improve their livelihoods, despite the adverse conditions and lack of appropriate external support with which they have to contend. The studies are based on fieldwork in a wide variety of farming systems throughout Africa, and have been written primarily by African researchers and extension specialists. Numerous lively examples show how a participatory approach to agricultural research and development that builds on local knowledge and innovation can stimulate the creativity of all involved - not only the farmers. This approach, which recognizes the farmers' capacity to innovate as the crucial component of success, provides a much-needed alternative to the conventional 'transfer of technology' paradigm. This book is a rich source of case studies and analyses of how agricultural research and development policy can be changed. It presents evidence of the resilience and resolution of rural communities in Africa and will be an inspiration for development workers, researchers and policy-makers, as well as for students and teachers of agriculture, environment and sustainable development.
Cette publication est certainement la toute premiere grande syntese tematique et critique sur la condition des personnes socialement vulnérables (PSV) en Afrique. Une excellente brochette de 40 experts et Institutions de differents oavs du continent t deploie un effort d'intelligibilite de ce phenomene devenu oreoccuoant. a travers un Inventaire analvtique complexe. retrospectt. Tactuel. actuel, chittre. ponctuel prospectif et relativement exnaustit. Les differentes contributions sont assorties des recommandations fortes qui interpellent, pour leur application les détenteurs d'enjeu dans une démarche de co-construction pour une citovennete de transtormation active C'est un document de plaidoyer/réquisitoire et de lobbying en faveur de l'aménagement, de la protection et de l'amélioration des conditions sociales des personnes âgées et des personnes handicapées en Afrique autant en matière de santé, d'alimentation, de logement. denvironnement, de protection sociale. que de maintien de revenu. d emplo et denseignement. eu egard a raugmentation croissante de leurs effectts en valeu relative et absolue. a question des personnes socialement vulnerables est ainsi mist en avant-garde des préoccunations politico-sociales et scientifiques importantes voir permanentes. tlle tait robiet d'investigations et de réflexions récurrentes au sein d mecanisme soecia de Union Africaine au est le groupe de raval sur les personnes agee! et les personnes handicapées de la Commission Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples. L'assignation matinale et originaire étant de construire des véhicules juridiques psychologiques, socio-antropologiques et portiques afin a amorcer un changement positit et une protection durable des oS. ainsi que des protocoles coutumiers pour leu valorisation dans les cultures et traditions atricaines This publication is certainly the first major thematic and critical synthesis on the condition of socially vulnerable persons (PSV) in Africa. An excellent line-up of 40 experts and institutions from different countries of the continent is making an effort to understand this phenomenon, which has become worrying, through a complex, retrospective, factual, current, quantified, punctual, prospective and relatively exhaustive analytical inventory. The various contributions are accompanied by strong recommendations that challenge the holders of issues for their application in a process of co-construction for an active citizenship of transformation. It is a document of advocacy/indictment and lobbying in favor of the development, protection and improvement of the social conditions of the elderly and persons with disabilities in Africa in terms of health, food, housing, environment, social protection, income maintenance, employment and education, given their increasing numbers in relative and absolute terms. The issue of socially vulnerable people is thus brought to the forefront of important, if not permanent, political-social and scientific concerns. It is the subject of recurrent investigations and reflections within the special mechanism of the African Union, the Working Group on Elderly Persons and Persons with Disabilities of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. The initial assignment is to build legal, psychological, socio-anthropological and political vehicles in order to initiate positive change and sustainable protection of VHPs, as well as customary protocols for their valorization in African cultures and traditions.