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The rules presented in this volume of "Principles of European Law" deal with commercial agency, franchise and distribution contracts, and with other contracts where one party uses the other party's skill and efforts to bring its products to the market. Although these Principles are not directly applicable to other long-term (commercial) contracts, some of the Articles may be applied to such contracts by way of analogy where appropriate. The economic function of all three contracts is that they are instrumental in bringing products to the market. They are so-called vertical agreements, as they are agreements between economic actors on different levels in the production and distribution chain. Obviously, the economic importance of these contracts is enormous since they form the connection between producers and retailers who sell the products to consumers and other final users. There are only very few economic sectors where producers regularly sell their products directly to final consumer users. Goodwill compensation after the ending of a distribution contract, the moment at which the agent's commission is due, the franchisor's obligation to maintain the good reputation of the network are but a few examples of issues where specific rules are needed in order to give legal practice some guidance and to provide practitioners with a reasonable degree of legal certainty.
The provisions of the French Civil Code governing the law of obligations have remained largely unchanged since 1804 and have served as the model for civil codes across the world. In 2016, the French Government effected major reforms of the provisions on the law of contract, the general regime of obligations and proof of obligations. This work explores in detail the most interesting new provisions on French contract law in a series of essays by French lawyers and comparative lawyers working on French law and other civil law systems. It will make these fundamental reforms accessible to an English-speaking audience.
Ce volume bilingue pose la question des effets des réformes institutionnelles et organisationnelles du marché du travail sur la cohésion sociale. Dans cet ouvrage, le Conseil de l'Europe recherche la conciliation entre ce qui est inévitablement imposé par la mondialisation, c'est-à-dire la réorganisation des paramètres de la concurrence, et la cohésion sociale. La conciliation doit prendre en compte une valeur politique essentielle, la sécurité démocratique, qui se trouve d'abord dans l'emploi : le coût social et sociétal élevé de la précarité le confirme. Néanmoins, sécurité ne signifie pas rigidité et doit se traduire plutôt par la reconnaissance sociale d'un "droit à la transition" qui appelle à la coresponsabilité de tous les acteurs sociaux. La conciliation est plus qu'un devoir politique : elle est le prix de la stabilité qui assure la durabilité sociale.
The 'full-time job' is no longer an option for many people seeking employment. It has been replaced by an ever-expanding plethora of 'atypical' employment relationships designed by employers to streamline their operations and/or take advantage of information communications technology. Numerous labour law issues arise, demanding urgent attention. How should law and policy best address these challenges? This incomparable and timely book explores this contentious topic in depth, presenting ten penetrating essays on aspects of the topic by leading European authorities followed by reports on new forms of employment in thirty-five European countries Full-scale analysis of new forms of employment, their characteristics, and their effects on working conditions and the labour market includes such issues as the following: - employment relationships with more than one employer; - discontinuous and/or intermittent work; - work based on networking arrangements; - labour pooling; - crowdworking and crowsourcing; - lack of worker representation; - rights for vulnerable migrant workers; - removal of wage and hours threshold; - false self-employment; - non-payment of 'small' amounts (e.g., holiday pay); - portage salarial; - voucher-based work; - ICT-based mobile work; - organizations offering specific administrative services; - need for safety nets for workers; and - existing and potential monitoring and control mechanisms. Relevant EU Directives and national legal frameworks regarding new forms of employment are fully discussed, with an emphasis on recent trends and proposed solutions. This volume raises awareness of the problems generated by new emerging forms of employment and provides some answers and insights, including lessons to be learned from current developments. In particular, the authors' bringing to light of issues that have not been sufficiently addressed so far under European law will be welcomed by labour law practitioners, company legal counsel, human resources professionals, and academics in the field.
The Unidroit Principles of International Contracts, first published in 1994, have met with extraordinary success in the legal and business community worldwide. Prepared by a group of eminent experts from all major legal systems of the world, they provide a comprehensive set of rules for international commercial contracts. Available in more than 20 language versions, they are increasingly being used by national legislatures as a source of inspiration in law reform projects, by lawyers as guidelines in contract negotiations and by arbitrators as a legal basis for the settlement of disputes. In 2004 a new edition of the Unidroit Principles was approved, containing five new chapters and adaptations to take into account electronic contracting. This new edition of An International Restatement of Contract Law is the first comprehensive introduction to the Unidroit Principles 2004. In addition, it provides an extensive survey and analysis of the actual use of the Unidroit Principles in practice with special emphasis on the different ways in which they have been interpreted and applied by the courts and arbitral tribunals in the hundred or so cases reported worldwide. The book also contains the full text of the Preamble and the 180 articles of the Unidroit Principles 2004 in Chinese, English, French, German, Italian and Russian as well as the 1994 edition in Spanish. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.
The Unidroit Principles of International Contracts, first published in 1994, have met with extraordinary success in the legal and business community worldwide. Prepared by a group of eminent experts from all major legal systems of the world, they provide a comprehensive set of rules for international commercial contracts. This new edition of An International Restatement of Contract Law is the first comprehensive introduction to the Unidroit Principles 2004. In addition, it provides an extensive survey and analysis of the actual use of the Unidroit Principles in practice with special emphasis on the different ways in which they have been interpreted and applied by the courts and arbitral tribunals in the hundred or so cases reported worldwide. The book also contains the full text of the Preamble and the 180 articles of the Unidroit Principles 2004 in Chinese, English, French, German, Italian and Russian as well as the 1994 edition in Spanish.
One of the principal tasks for legal research at the beginning of the 21st century is to reconstruct the understanding of the relationship between the legal system and the market order. After almost three decades of deregulation driven by a belief in the self-equilibrating properties of the market, the financial crisis of 2008 has reminded everyone of the fundamental truth that markets have legal and institutional foundations, without which they cannot effectively function. The chapters in the present volume are the result of work by a group of legal scholars which began in the mid-2000s, at a time when the shortcomings of deregulatory policies were becoming clear in a number of contexts. The chapters address the question of how the language of contract law describes or conceptualises the market order and the relationship of the law to it. The perspectives taken are, in turn, historical, comparative, and context-specific. The focus of the book is on a foundational idea, the concept of capacitas, which signifies a status conferred upon citizens for the purpose of enabling them to participate in the economic life of the polity. In modern legal systems, 'capacity' is the principal juridical mechanism by which individuals and entities are empowered to enter into legally binding agreements and, more generally, to arrange their affairs using the instruments of private law. Legal capacity is thereby the gateway to involvement in the operations of a market economy.
Praise and Reviews "An unusual and refreshing expatriate guide, written by a local. Beautifully illustrated and with many quotations, this will even appeal to the absent francophile."WOMAN ABROAD"An easy and enjoyable read, the book is a good introduction to living and working in France."FT ExpatIf you are interested in France, this book is for you. Informal and original, it welcomes you like a friend. Whether you are going to France for work, study or pleasure, Living and Working in France: Chez vous en France will be your companion. Geneviève Brame's book shines a practical, political and cultural spotlight on French values and customs. The author gives you the keys to unlock the mysteries of the country she knows best - her own. She introduces you to your new surroundings and helps you find your way through the labyrinth of administrative and immigration procedures. Sections on the socio-economic environment, the European Union, language, travel, health, home, education and the French lifestyle will provide answers to all your questions. Since 1993, Living and Working in France: Chez vous en France has been read by many people around the world. Their advice about France and the French will assist you, as will the opinions of private and public companies.Living & Working in France: Chez vous en France offers an attractive and realistic image of the country. It contains all the essential information you will need, plus the little details that reveal the diversity of the French experience and take you beyond the hackneyed clichés. This book is aimed first and foremost at welcoming newcomers, but it is also for those who have been there for a while, to help them prepare for their naturalization interviews. It will guide you but will not do the work for you. So browse at your leisure, then come and be chez vous en France!
Les boulangers sont des entrepreneurs qui évoluent dans un environnement très compétitif. Lorsqu'ils prennent en charge leur première affaire, même s'ils disposent d'une solide formation métier, il leur est difficile de repérer et de mettre en œuvre tous les leviers de la performance. Véritable guide pour le pilotage de leur entreprise, cet ouvrage vise à les accompagner dans la prise de décision dans tous les champs de la gestion. Le boulanger, comme tout chef d'entreprise, doit faire face à de très nombreuses situations. Il est nécessaire de compléter son savoir-faire par des compétences et des connaissances pour opérer les meilleurs choix face aux nombreuses questions pouvant se poser à lui, parmi lesquelles : quels sont les critères qui doivent retenir mon attention quand je choisis de créer ou de reprendre une boulangerie ? Comment évalue-t-on une boulangerie ? Quels choix juridiques dois-je opérer ? Comment manage-t-on une petite équipe ? Quelles sont les erreurs à éviter ? Quelles sont les obligations réglementaires auxquelles sont astreintes les boulangeries ? Les réponses apportées par l'auteur sont le fruit d'un travail de synthèse qui s'appuie sur des textes de loi mais aussi sur un inventaire des bonnes pratiques. Celles-ci sont issues à la fois d'entreprises de secteurs différents mais aussi d'une observation sur le terrain.