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This paper deals with the impact on R&D intensity for firms undergoing a leveage buyout (LBO). We develop seven hypothesis.
Papers presented at a conference held at the Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, on May 20, 1988, and sponsored by the Salomon Brothers Center for the Study of Financial Institutions. The 1989 edition of this proceedings volume was published by Dow-Jones-Irwin. Academics, legis
We survey the empirical literature on corporate financial restructuring, including breakup transactions (divestitures, spinoffs, equity carveouts, tracking stocks), leveraged recapitalizations, and leveraged buyouts (LBOs). For each transaction type, we survey techniques, deal financing, transaction volume, valuation effects and potential sources of restructuring gains. Many breakup transactions appear to be a response to excessive conglomeration and attempt to reverse a potentially costly diversification discount. The empirical evidence shows that the typical restructuring creates substantial value for shareholders. The value-drivers include elimination of costly cross-subsidizations characterizing internal capital markets, reduction in financing costs for subsidiaries through asset securitization and increased divisional transparency, improved (and more focused) investment programs, reduction in agency costs of free cash flow, implementation of executive compensation schemes with greater pay-performance sensitivity, and increased monitoring by lenders and LBO sponsors. Buyouts after the 1990s on average create value similar to LBOs of the 1980s. Recent developments include consortiums of private equity funds (club deals), exits through secondary buyouts (sale to another LBO fund), and evidence of persistence in fund returns. LBO deal financing has evolved toward lower leverage ratios. In Europe, recent deals are financed with less leveraged loans and mezzanine debt and more high-yield debt than before. Future research challenges include integrating analyses across transaction types and financing mixes, and producing unbiased estimates of the expected return from buyout investments in the presence of limited data on portfolio companies that do not return to public status.
This second volume of a two-part series examines three major topics. First, it devotes five chapters to the classical issue of capital structure choice. Second, it focuses on the value-implications of major corporate investment and restructuring decisions, and then concludes by surveying the role of pay-for-performance type executive compensation contracts on managerial incentives and risk-taking behavior. In collaboration with the first volume, this handbook takes stock of the main empirical findings to date across an unprecedented spectrum of corporate finance issues. The surveys are written by leading empirical researchers that remain active in their respective areas of interest. With few exceptions, the writing style makes the chapters accessible to industry practitioners. For doctoral students and seasoned academics, the surveys offer dense roadmaps into the empirical research landscape and provide suggestions for future work. - Nine original chapters summarize research advances and future topics in the classical issues of capital structure choice, corporate investment behavior, and firm value - Multinational comparisons underline the volume's empirical perspectives - Complements the presentation of econometric issues, banking, and capital acquisition research covered by Volume 1
The behavior of managers-such as the rewards they obtain for poor performance, the role of boards of directors in monitoring managers, and the regulatory framework covering the corporate governance mechanisms that are put in place to ensure managers' accountability to shareholder and other stakeholders-has been the subject of extensive media and policy scrutiny in light of the financial crisis of the early 2000s. However, corporate governance covers a much broader set of issues, which requires detailed assessment as a central issue of concern to business and society. Critiques of traditional governance research based on agency theory have noted its "under-contextualized" nature and its inability to compare accurately and explain the diversity of corporate governance arrangements across different institutional contexts. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Governance aims at closing these theoretical and empirical gaps. It considers corporate governance issues at multiple levels of analysis-the individual manager, firms, institutions, industries, and nations-and presents international evidence to reflect the wide variety of perspectives. In analyzing the effects of corporate governance on performance, a variety of indicators are considered, such as accounting profit, economic profit, productivity growth, market share, proxies for environmental and social performance, such as diversity and other aspects of corporate social responsibility, and of course, share price effects. In addition to providing a high level review and analysis of the existing literature, each chapter develops an agenda for further research on a specific aspect of corporate governance. This Handbook constitutes the definitive source of academic research on corporate governance, synthesizing studies from economics, strategy, international business, organizational behavior, entrepreneurship, business ethics, accounting, finance, and law.
Richard K. Lenz analyses how LBOs evolve after the financial investors have exited. Based on three case studies of former LBOs in Germany, he shows that performance decline is often related to the weakening of the former performance-enhancing series of governance instruments.
This work presents the theory, development and characteristics of management buy-ins (MBIs), an important feature of corporate restructuring since the late 1980s.
Management Buyouts (MBOs) first came to prominence in the US during the early 1980s, and have subsequently become a global phenomenon and a highly significant transaction within the corporate restructuring landscape Although much recent attention has focused on private equity (PE) backed buyouts, these are only a subset of the total MBO market. The Routledge Companion to Management Buyouts takes a much broader definition, reviewing the current state of research and theory and where further developments are likely to occur and incorporating PE and non-PE backed buyouts, as well as variations such as management buy-ins and management-employee buyouts. It goes beyond the purely financial perspective, exploring the many different aspects of management buyouts and incorporating related disciplines including strategy, organizational change, and HRM providing the first truly comprehensive authoritative resource on the topic. Expertly edited, and drawing on international scholarship, this unique volume will be an invaluable sourcebook on MBOs for researchers and advanced students as well as those interested in the broader areas of corporate restructuring and ownership change.