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The Early Palaeozoic was a critical interval in the evolution of marine life on our planet. Through a window of some 120 million years, the Cambrian Explosion, Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, End Ordovician Extinction and the subsequent Silurian Recovery established a steep trajectory of increasing marine biodiversity that started in the Late Proterozoic and continued into the Devonian. Biogeography is a key property of virtually all organisms; their distributional ranges, mapped out on a mosaic of changing palaeogeography, have played important roles in modulating the diversity and evolution of marine life. This Memoir first introduces the content, some of the concepts involved in describing and interpreting palaeobiogeography, and the changing Early Palaeozoic geography is illustrated through a series of time slices. The subsequent 26 chapters, compiled by some 130 authors from over 20 countries, describe and analyse distributional and in many cases diversity data for all the major biotic groups plotted on current palaeogeographic maps. Nearly a quarter of a century after the publication of the ‘Green Book’ (Geological Society, London, Memoir12, edited by McKerrow and Scotese), improved stratigraphic and taxonomic data together with more accurate, digitized palaeogeographic maps, have confirmed the central role of palaeobiogeography in understanding the evolution of Early Palaeozoic ecosystems and their biotas.
This bulletin serves not only to introduce the non-geologist to the rich geology of Millard County, but also to provide professional geologists with technical information on the stratigraphy, paleontology, and structural geology of the county. Millard County is unique among Utah’s counties in that it contains an exceptionally complete billion-year geologic record. This happened because until about 200 million years ago the area of present-day Millard County lay near sea level and was awash in shallow marine waters on a continental shelf upon which a stack of fossil-bearing strata more than 6 miles (10 km) thick slowly accumulated. This bulletin summarizes what is known about these strata, as well as younger rocks and surficial deposits in the county, and provides references to scientific papers that describe them in greater detail. Mountains North 30 x 60 (1:100,000-scale) quadrangles. These companion maps and this bulletin portray the geology of Millard County more completely and accurately than any previously published work.