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This is the first comprehensive treatment of the extraction of landmarks from multimodality images and the use of these features for elastic image registration. The emphasis is on model-based approaches, i.e. on the use of explicitly represented knowledge in computer vision. Both geometric models (describing the shape of objects) and intensity models (directly representing the image intensities) are utilized. The work describes theoretical foundations, computational and algorithmic issues, as well as practical applications, notably in medicine (neurosurgery and radiology), remote sensing, and industrial automation. Connections with computer graphics and artificial intelligence are illustrated. Audience: This volume will be of interest to readers seeking an introduction and overview of landmark-based image analysis, and in particular to graduate students and researchers in computer science, engineering, computer vision, and medical image analysis.
Landmarks are preferred image features for a variety of computer vision tasks such as image mensuration, registration, camera calibration, motion analysis, 3D scene reconstruction, and object recognition. Main advantages of using landmarks are robustness w. r. t. lightning conditions and other radiometric vari ations as well as the ability to cope with large displacements in registration or motion analysis tasks. Also, landmark-based approaches are in general com putationally efficient, particularly when using point landmarks. Note, that the term landmark comprises both artificial and natural landmarks. Examples are comers or other characteristic points in video images, ground control points in aerial images, anatomical landmarks in medical images, prominent facial points used for biometric verification, markers at human joints used for motion capture in virtual reality applications, or in- and outdoor landmarks used for autonomous navigation of robots. This book covers the extraction oflandmarks from images as well as the use of these features for elastic image registration. Our emphasis is onmodel-based approaches, i. e. on the use of explicitly represented knowledge in image analy sis. We principally distinguish between geometric models describing the shape of objects (typically their contours) and intensity models, which directly repre sent the image intensities, i. e. ,the appearance of objects. Based on these classes of models we develop algorithms and methods for analyzing multimodality im ages such as traditional 20 video images or 3D medical tomographic images.
This book contains 31 selected papers (out of 136 accepted) from the 9th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, held in Uppsala, Sweden, 6?9 June 1995. They represent the very best of what is currently done in image analysis, world-wide, describing very recent work. The papers have been both considerably expanded and updated compared to the version in the conference proceedings, giving the readers a much better understanding of the issues at hand.The papers cover both theory and successful applications. There are chapters on Edges and Curves, d104ure, Depth and Stereo, Scene Analysis, and 3D Motion, thus covering the chain from feature extraction to computer vision. Two important application areas are covered: Medical and Industrial.
This book contains 31 papers carefully selected from among those presented at the 7th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis. The authors have extended their papers to give a more in-depth discussion of the theory, or of the experimental validation of the method they have proposed. The topics covered are current and wide-ranging and include both 2D- and 3D-vision, and low to high level vision.
Bringing a fresh new perspective to remote sensing, object-based image analysis is a paradigm shift from the traditional pixel-based approach. Featuring various practical examples to provide understanding of this new modus operandi, Multispectral Image Analysis Using the Object-Oriented Paradigm reviews the current image analysis methods and demonstrates advantages to improve information extraction from imagery. This reference describes traditional image analysis techniques, introduces object-oriented technology, and discusses the benefits of object-based versus pixel-based classification. It examines the creation of object primitives using image segmentation approaches and the use of various techniques for object classification. The author covers image enhancement methods, how to use ancillary data to constrain image segmentation, and concepts of semantic grouping of objects. He concludes by addressing accuracy assessment approaches. The accompanying downloadable resources present sample data that enable the use of different approaches to problem solving. Integrating remote sensing techniques and GIS analysis, Multispectral Image Analysis Using the Object-Oriented Paradigm distills new tools to extract information from remotely sensed data.
Computer vision and machine intelligence paradigms are prominent in the domain of medical image applications, including computer assisted diagnosis, image guided radiation therapy, landmark detection, imaging genomics, and brain connectomics. Medical image analysis and understanding are daunting tasks owing to the massive influx of multi-modal medical image data generated during routine clinal practice. Advanced computer vision and machine intelligence approaches have been employed in recent years in the field of image processing and computer vision. However, due to the unstructured nature of medical imaging data and the volume of data produced during routine clinical processes, the applicability of these meta-heuristic algorithms remains to be investigated. Advanced Machine Vision Paradigms for Medical Image Analysis presents an overview of how medical imaging data can be analyzed to provide better diagnosis and treatment of disease. Computer vision techniques can explore texture, shape, contour and prior knowledge along with contextual information, from image sequence and 3D/4D information which helps with better human understanding. Many powerful tools have been developed through image segmentation, machine learning, pattern classification, tracking, and reconstruction to surface much needed quantitative information not easily available through the analysis of trained human specialists. The aim of the book is for medical imaging professionals to acquire and interpret the data, and for computer vision professionals to learn how to provide enhanced medical information by using computer vision techniques. The ultimate objective is to benefit patients without adding to already high healthcare costs. Explores major emerging trends in technology which are supporting the current advancement of medical image analysis with the help of computational intelligence Highlights the advancement of conventional approaches in the field of medical image processing Investigates novel techniques and reviews the state-of-the-art in the areas of machine learning, computer vision, soft computing techniques, as well as their applications in medical image analysis
With rapid advancements in technology, body imaging or components thereof, have become ubiquitous in medicine. While the biomedical devices such as the MRI, CT, X-rays, Ultrasound, PET/SPECT and Microscopy etc, provide us with high resolution images, the challenges that have continued to confront us with, lie in the interpretation of the vast amounts of data generated by these devices. Biomedical applications are the 'bottom-line' essentials in the diagnostic world. It is this diagnostic interpretation feature that forms the core niche for these books and will serve the needs of a broad spectrum of audience including researchers, research clinicians, and students.Together the three volumesnbsp;will illustrate the role of the fusion of registration and segmentation systems for complete biomedical applications therapy delivery benefiting the biomedical doctors, clinical researchers, radiologists and others.
Anatomical landmark detection is an essential step in various medical imaging processes, including morphological analysis, inter-/intra-subject registration, and, fundamentally, anatomy orientation. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown promise in replacing heuristic methods and classical image processing approaches to landmark detection. In this work, we propose multiple extensions of a multi-agent deep q-network approach to anatomical landmark detection. We first improve the localization of high confidence primary landmarks by searching in the physical space coordinate system of the image rather than voxel space. Second, when detecting a large number of landmarks, we decompose the detection process into two stages to compensate for the memory limitations induced by detecting a large number of landmarks.
Recent advancements in imaging techniques and image analysis has broadened the horizons for their applications in various domains. Image analysis has become an influential technique in medical image analysis, optical character recognition, geology, remote sensing, and more. However, analysis of images under constrained and unconstrained environments require efficient representation of the data and complex models for accurate interpretation and classification of data. Deep learning methods, with their hierarchical/multilayered architecture, allow the systems to learn complex mathematical models to provide improved performance in the required task. The Handbook of Research on Deep Learning-Based Image Analysis Under Constrained and Unconstrained Environments provides a critical examination of the latest advancements, developments, methods, systems, futuristic approaches, and algorithms for image analysis and addresses its challenges. Highlighting concepts, methods, and tools including convolutional neural networks, edge enhancement, image segmentation, machine learning, and image processing, the book is an essential and comprehensive reference work for engineers, academicians, researchers, and students.
Abstract: "Recognizing landmarks in sequences of images is a challenging problem for a number of reasons. First of all, the appearance of any given landmark varies substantially from one observation to the next. In addition to variations due to different aspects, an illumination change, external clutter, and changing geometry of the imaging devices are other factors affecting the variability of the observed landmarks. Finally, it is typically difficult to make use of accurate 3D information in landmark recognition applications. For those reasons, it is not possible to use many of the object recognition techniques based on strong geometric models. The alternative is to use image-based techniques in which landmarks are represented by collections of images which capture the 'typical' appearance of the object. The information most relevant to recognition is extracted from the collection of raw images and used as the model for recognition. This process is often referred to as 'visual learning.' Models of landmarks are acquired from image sequences and later recognized for vehicle localization in urban environments. In the acquisition phase, a vehicle drives and collects images of an unknown area. The algorithm organizes these images into groups with similar image features. The feature distribution for each group describes a landmark. In the recognition phase, while navigating through the same general area, the vehicle collects new images. The algorithm classifies these images into one of the learned groups, thus recognizing a landmark. Unlike computationally intensive model-based approaches that build models from known objects observed in isolation, our image-based approach automatically learns the most salient landmarks in complex environments. It delivers a robust performance under a wide range of lighting and imaging angle variations."