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CE TRAVAIL VISE A ETABLIR DES SYNERGIES ENTRE TROIS DISCIPLINES CONNEXES, L'ARCHITECTURE, LES SCIENCES DE LA COGNITION, ET LES SCIENCES DE L'INGENIEUR, POUR DEVELOPPER DES SYSTEMES DE COMMUNICATION AXES SUR L'INTEGRATION DE L'EVALUATION DES FONCTIONS TECHNIQUES DU BATIMENT AUX PHASES AMONTS DU PROCESSUS DE CONCEPTION ARCHITECTURALE. A PARTIR DE L'ETUDE DE L'ACTIVITE ET DE LA FORMALISATION DU COMPORTEMENT DE L'ARCHITECTE EN CONCEPTION, DES MODELES COGNITIFS DE PROCESSUS SONT DEVELOPPES. PARALLELEMENT, LA STRUCTURATION ET LA MISE EN UVRE DES CONNAISSANCES TECHNIQUES, ET LEUR MISE EN RELATION AVEC LES MODELES PROPOSES, SONT ANALYSEES, SUR LE CAS PARTICULIER DE L'ENERGETIQUE DU BATIMENT. ENFIN, LES TECHNIQUES INFORMATIQUES (NOTAMMENT L'INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE) LES MIEUX ADAPTEES A CETTE INTEGRATION DES CONNAISSANCES DANS DES OUTILS OUVERTS ET CONVIVIAUX, SONT RECENSES. TROIS DEVELOPPEMENTS INFORMATIQUES ILLUSTRENT CES AVANCEES THEORIQUES: 1) LE PROJET AMACH (APPROCHE MULTI-ACTEURS DU CONFORT DANS L'HABITAT), DANS LE CADRE D'UN SYSTEME INTEGRE MULTI-TECHNIQUES; 2) LE DIDACTICIEL VADT (VOLUME ARCHITECTURAL ET DEPERDITIONS THERMIQUES), SUR UNE APPROCHE PEDAGOGIQUE D'UN MODELE SIMPLIFIE DE CONCEPTION ENERGETIQUE; 3) LE CHAINAGE D'UNE METHODE D'EVALUATION THERMIQUE, G#2, A UN LOGICIEL DE DAO EXISTANT, ARCHITRION
La conception architecturale est souvent réalisée grâce aux habitudes et à l'expérience des concepteurs, qui procèdent par essai-erreur. Un système d'aide à la décision en conception préliminaire est proposé. Il permet de partir de plusieurs concepts de solution pertinents, pour arriver à une architecture validée et prédimensionnée. Les grandes étapes sont : l'écriture du problème de conception préliminaire sous forme de Problème par Satisfaction de Contraintes (PSC), la recherche exhaustive des architectures solutions, l'exploitation et la réduction de l'espace des solutions pour aider à la décision. C'est seulement ensuite qu'un choix est à faire parmi ces solutions, qui n'ont pas été arbitrairement restreintes par des choix initiaux. Cela nécessite une analyse préalable du problème de conception. Il faut, d'une part, le limiter aux seules caractéristiques nécessaires et suffisantes pour la conception architecturale, que nous nommons caractéristiques structurantes. D'autre part, il faut exprimer les objectifs de conception et les critères de qualification de la conception, qui permettent de hiérarchiser les architectures-solutions obtenues et ainsi aider au choix final parmi elles. Nous proposons pour cela une démarche d'analyse et structuration du problème, basée sur quatre étapes : analyse du besoin, approches fonctionnelle, organique et physique du produit à concevoir. L'utilisation du système d'aide à la décision permet une amélioration de la satisfaction des objectifs de conception, le choix du concept de solution le plus performant, l'obtention d'architectures-solutions valides et respectant toutes les contraintes énoncées.
This textbook presents the core of recent advances in design theory and its implications for design methods and design organization. Providing a unified perspective on different design methods and approaches, from the most classic (systematic design) to the most advanced (C-K theory), it offers a unique and integrated presentation of traditional and contemporary theories in the field. Examining the principles of each theory, this guide utilizes numerous real life industrial applications, with clear links to engineering design, industrial design, management, economics, psychology and creativity. Containing a section of exams with detailed answers, it is useful for courses in design theory, engineering design and advanced innovation management. "Students and professors, practitioners and researchers in diverse disciplines, interested in design, will find in this book a rich and vital source for studying fundamental design methods and tools as well as the most advanced design theories that work in practice". Professor Yoram Reich, Tel Aviv University, Editor-in-Chief, Research In Engineering Design. "Twenty years of research in design theory and engineering have shown that training in creative design is indeed possible and offers remarkably operational methods - this book is indispensable for all leaders and practitioners who wish to strengthen theinnovation capacity of their company." Pascal Daloz, Executive Vice President, Dassault Systèmes
"Highlights of this book include: the MDA framework, including the Platform Independent Model (PIM) and Platform Special Model (PSM); OMG standards and the use of UML; MDA and Agile, Extreme Programming, and Rational Unified Process (RUP) development; how to apply MDA, including PIM-to-PSM and PSM-to-code transformations for Relational, Enterprise JavaBean (EJB), and Web models; transformations, including controlling and tuning, traceability, incremental consistency, and their implications; metamodeling; and relationships between different standards, including Meta Object Facility (MOF), UML, and Object Constraint Language (OCL)."--Jacket.
By locatingthe architecture already hidden within deconstructive discourse, Wigley opens up more radical possibilities for both architectureand deconstruction.
The European DayWater project has developed a prototype of an Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) related to urban stormwater pollution source control. The DayWater ADSS greatly facilitates decision-making for stormwater source control, which is currently impeded by the large number of stakeholders involved and by the necessary multidisciplinary knowledge. This book presents the results of this project, providing new insights into both technical and management issues. The main objectives of its technical chapters are pollution source control modelling, risk and impact assessment, and evaluation and comparison of best management practices. It also covers management aspects, such as the analysis of the decision-making processes in stormwater source control, at a European scale, and stormwater management strategies in general. The combination of scientific-technical and socio-managerial knowledge, with the strong cooperation of numerous end-users, reflects the innovative character of this book which includes actual applications of the ADSS prototype in significant case studies. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management contains 26 chapters collectively prepared by DayWater scientific partners and end-users associated with this European Research and Development project. It includes: A general presentation of the DayWater Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) structure and operation modes A detailed description of the major components of this ADSS prototype The assessment of its components in significant case studies in France, Germany and Sweden The proceedings of the International Conference on Decision Support Systems for Integrated Urban Water Management, held in Paris on 3-4 November 2005. The book presents the ADSS prototype including a combination of freely accessible on-line databases, guidance documents, “road maps” and modelling or multi-criteria analysis tools. As demonstrated in several significant case studies the challenge for stormwater managers is to make the benefits of urban stormwater management visible to society, resulting in active co-operation of a diversity of stakeholders. Only then, will sustainable management succeed. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management advances this cause of sustainable urban management through Urban stormwater management, and makes achievable (by means of risk and vulnerability tools which are included) the goal of integrated urban water management (IUWM).
In recent years, much work has been done in formulating and clarifying the concept of sustainable development and related theoretical and research issues. Now, the challenge has shifted to designing and stimulating processes of effective planning and decision-making, at all levels of human activity, in such a way as to achieve local and global sustainable development. Information technology can help a great deal in achieving sustainable development by providing well-designed and useful tools for decision makers. One such tool is the decision support system, or DSS. This book explores the area of DSS in the context of sustainable development. As DSS is a very new technique, especially in the developing world, this book will serve as a reference text, primarily for managers, government officials, and information professionals in developing countries. It covers the concept of sustainable development, defines DSS and how it can be used in the planning and management of sustainable development, and examines the state of the art in DSS use. Other interested readers will include students, teachers, and analysts in information sciences; DSS designers, developers, and implementors; and international development agencies.
This book deals with the general concepts in stereotomy and its connection with descriptive geometry, the social background of its practitioners and theoreticians, the general methods and tools of this technology, and the specific procedures for the members built in hewn stone, including arches, squinches, stairs and vaults, ending with a chapter discussing the open problems in this field. Thus, it can be used as a reference book in the subject, but it can also read as a compelling narrative on this subject, one of the main branches of pre-industrial technology. Construction in hewn stone requires the use of geometrical methods and tools to assure that individual stones, either blocks or voussoirs, fit with one another and conform to the general shape of walls, arches or vaults. During the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, such techniques and instruments were developed empirically by masons and architects. Later on, learned mathematicians and engineers introduced refinements in these procedures and this branch of knowledge, known as stereotomy, furnished much material to descriptive geometry, a science born with the French Revolution which provided the foundation for projective geometry.