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Dans un premier ouvrage collectif intitulé Figures du Parquet, était analysé le mouvement quasi général de montée en puissance des parquets en France et en Europe. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs se penchent sur un autre mouvement contemporain, celui qui tend à opposer l'État et un présumé innocent. Mais qu'est-ce exactement qu'une victime ? Comment la victimologie influence-t-elle le droit et les politiques publiques ? Peut-on parler, à la suite de Jean Carbonnier, d'une transformation des victimes "de sujets passifs du délit en agents martiaux de la répression" ? Tout l'intérêt de cet ouvrage est d'aborder la question au plan européen.
La place de la victime sur la scène pénale fait débat aussi bien pour les chercheurs en droit et en politique criminelle que pour l'ensemble des citoyens. Des expressions récurrentes dans le discours public contemporain, comme " montée en puissance des victimes " ou " envahissement de la scène pénale par les victimes " ou, au contraire, " insuffisante prise en compte des victimes ", prouvent l'extrême actualité du sujet. Un des mouvements de politique criminelle remarquable est cette attention nouvelle pour les victimes d'infractions pénales, partout en Europe, conduisant à la recherche de réponses étatiques (législatives et judiciaires) et sociétales (associatives et/ou individuelles) pour répondre avec justesse aux attentes de diverses natures des victimes. Cet ouvrage de droit comparé offre au lecteur trois entrées en proposant d'abord des " Figures nationales " (Allemagne, Angleterre, Belgique, Espagne, France et Italie), avant de le conduire dans un deuxième temps par des " Eclairages supranationaux " à réfléchir aux fondements européens et communautaires du droit des victimes qui ne sont pas étrangers au statut particulier de la victime devant les juridictions pénales internationales. Enfin, dans la troisième partie de l'ouvrage, sous le titre " Regards croisés ", trois approches ont semblé s'imposer, la première anthropologique, la seconde et la troisième plus juridiques. Il en est ainsi de l'action pénale et de la question lancinante de l'indemnisation et/ou de la réparation. La souffrance intime (les victimes est partout présente dans les textes constituant ce livre avec l'idée-force si bien exprimée par Paul Ricœur : " Derrière la clameur de la victime se trouve une souffrance qui crie moins vengeance que récit.
In an era in which the EU's influence in criminal law matters has expanded rapidly, attention has recently turned to the possible creation of a European Public Prosecutor's Office. This two volume work presents the results of a study carried out by a group of European criminal law experts in 2010-2012, with the financial support of the EU Commission, whose aims were to examine in detail current public prosecution systems in the Member States and to scrutinise proposals for a new European office. Volume 1 begins with thorough descriptions of 20 different national legal systems of investigation and prosecution, addressing a range of evidential and procedural safeguards. These will serve as a point of reference for all future research on public prosecutors. Volume 1 also contains a series of cross-cutting studies of the key issues that will inform debates about the creation of a European Public Prosecutor's Office, including studies of vertical cooperation in administrative investigations in subsidy and competition cases, the accession of the EU to the ECHR, judicial control in cooperation in criminal matters, mutual recognition and decentralised enforcement of European competition law. Volume 2 (which will be published in 2013) presents a draft set of model rules for the procedure of the European Public Prosecutor's Office and continues with a set of comparative studies of the national legal systems that cover the gathering of evidence, seizure of assets, arrests, tracking and tracing, prosecution measures, procedural safeguards, the presumption of innocence and the right to silence, access to the file and victim reconciliation. Volume 2 concludes with the final report, written by Professor Ligeti, summarising the findings of the group and reporting on the prospects for the proposed reform.
Acclaim for the first edition: ïThis is a very important and immense book. . . The Elgar Encyclopedia of Comparative Law is a treasure-trove of honed knowledge of the laws of many countries. It is a reference book for dipping into, time and time again. It is worth every penny and there is not another as comprehensive in its coverage as ElgarÍs. I highly recommend the Elgar Encyclopedia of Comparative Law to all English chambers. This is a very important book that should be sitting in every university law school library.Í _ Sally Ramage, The Criminal Lawyer Containing newly updated versions of existing entries and adding several important new entries, this second edition of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Comparative Law takes stock of present-day comparative law scholarship. Written by leading authorities in their respective fields, the contributions in this accessible book cover and combine not only questions regarding the methodology of comparative law, but also specific areas of law (such as administrative law and criminal law) and specific topics (such as accident compensation and consideration). In addition, the Encyclopedia contains reports on a selected set of countriesÍ legal systems and, as a whole, presents an overview of the current state of affairs. Providing its readers with a unique point of reference, as well as stimulus for further research, this volume is an indispensable tool for anyone interested in comparative law, especially academics, students and practitioners.
As numerous academic and political commentators have noted, the implications of introducing a victim’s perspective into the delicate balance between state and offender is likely to be a key issue in the future of criminal justice. This book seeks to outline the contours of the relevant debates drawing together contributions from prominent international and national commentators, from areas including criminology, law, philosophy, social policy, politics and sociology.