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Longtemps relégué à l'arrière-plan dans les stratégies de politique criminelle, le sort des victimes d'infractions pénales fait depuis quelques années l'objet d'une attention accrue. A l'échelle de la communauté internationale, cet intérêt s'est notamment traduit par l'adoption de la Résolution portant "Déclaration des principes fondamentaux de justice relatifs aux victimes de la criminalité et aux victimes d'abus de pouvoir" lors de la quarantième assemblée générale des Nations-Unies le 11 décembre 1985. Les recommandations de cette déclaration incitent les états membres à la reconnaissance et à la protection des droits des victimes. Le droit togolais offre théoriquement aux victimes d'infractions pénales les moyens d'obtenir la réparation de leurs préjudices. Mais l'analyse des techniques actuelles de réparation des préjudices causés aux victimes d'infractions pénales au Togo révèle des carences flagrantes auxquelles il est indispensable d'apporter des solutions appropriées. La création d'un fonds public d'indemnisation et l'institutionnalisation des procédures de médiation pénale constituent des solutions intéressantes que le législateur togolais peut concrétiser. Dans la perspective d'une politique criminelle en faveur des victimes d'infractions, la consécration de techniques nouvelles est toutefois indissociable d'un effort d'amélioration des dispositifs existants.
La réparation des victimes d’infractions pénales comprend une dimension patrimoniale et une dimension extrapatrimoniale à caractère processuel, psychologique et social. Mais, s’il y a des formes de réparation, il y a néanmoins une réparation, entité englobante à envisager dans son unicité. Pourtant, cette conception globalisée peine à se concrétiser et l’attrait pour le procès pénal, au détriment des autres sources de réparation, peut partiellement l’expliquer. La première partie, consacrée à la réparation patrimoniale, en témoigne. Encouragées par la civilisation du procès pénal, les victimes privilégient l’exercice de l’action civile devant le juge répressif pour obtenir réparation financière, au détriment des systèmes publics d’indemnisation, pourtant plus efficaces. En outre, la réparation pécuniaire est abusivement actionnée pour réparer a posteriori la victimisation secondaire générée par le système judiciaire. Comme l’atteste la seconde partie, le renforcement de la réparation extrapatrimoniale est de nature à y remédier. D’ores et déjà rendue possible par la participation active de la victime au procès pénal, la réparation processuelle n’est pas pour autant reconnue juridiquement. De plus, elle tend à absorber la réparation psychologique qui, à l’instar de la réparation sociale, souffre d’une offre insuffisante. Elle mérite, en outre, d’être optimisée par des mesures à caractère restauratif qui viendraient parfaire la globalisation.
This edited volume contains 22 papers organized into three sections under the following headings: part I is entitled On Promoting Victim Policies; Part II On Reforming Criminal Justice; and Part III On Restorative Justice. All three areas are ones to which Tony Peters, former Professor of Criminology in Leuven, has made a significant contribution and for which he is known as an international authority. During his long and productive academic career Tony Peters led many struggles for criminal justice reform. He was a leading figure in the movement to recognize crime victims' plight and to reaffirm their rights. In Belgium, he spearheaded the early initiatives in restorative justice and became one of its outspoken proponents nationally and internationally. There is no doubt that these three major topics and the various developments and reforms that are addressed in the papers will dominate the thinking about, and the practice of, criminal justice in the years to come. Thus, in addition to paying homage to a congenial friend and an illustrious colleague, it is hoped that this book will appeal and prove useful to all those who have an interest in victims issues, in criminal justice reform, and last but not least, in the promising paradigm of restorative justice.
Recently a growing number of Christians have actively promoted the concept of "restorative justice" and attempted to develop programs for dealing with crime based on restorative principles. But is this approach truly consistent with the teaching of Scripture? To date, very little has been done to test this claim. Beyond Retribution fills a gap by plumbing the New Testament on the topics of crime, justice, and punishment. Christopher Marshall first explores the problems involved in applying ethical teachings from the New Testament to mainstream society. He then surveys the extent to which the New Testament addresses criminal justice issues, looking in particular at the concept of the justice of God in the teachings of Paul and Jesus. He also examines the topic of punishment, reviewing the debate in social thinking over the ethics and purpose of punishment -- including capital punishment -- and he advocates a new concept of "restorative punishment." The result of this engaging work is a biblically based challenge to imitate the way of Christ in dealing with both victims and offenders. - Publisher
Joly's (1831-78) Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu is the major source of one of the world's most infamous and damaging forgeries, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. That, however, was concocted some two decades after he died, and American political scientist Waggoner points to Joly's own text for evidence that he was not anti-semitic and was an intransigent enemy of the kind of tyranny the forgery served during the 1930s. He translates the text and discusses Joly's intentions in writing it and his contribution to the understanding of modern politics. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Rebuilding community connections outlines the main features of restorative justice, including different models and research findings, and proposes guidelines for setting up programmes. It also identifies problems and ways of dealing with them. This guide provides essential information for those planning to introduce restorative justice, in particular countries in central and eastern Europe. For countries that have already done so, it offers an opportunity to review practice in the light of experience and research elsewhere. -- Council of Europe.
An Insightful Book from the Little Books of Justice and Peacebuilding Series, Which Has Sold Over 170,000 Copies The more than 2.3 million incarcerated individuals in the United States are often regarded as a throw-away population. While the criminal-justice system focuses on giving offenders "what they deserve," it does little to restore the needs created by crime or to explore the factors that lead to it. Restorative justice, with its emphasis on identifying the justice needs of everyone involved in a crime, is helping to restore prisoners' sense of humanity while holding them accountable for their actions. In this book, Barb Toews, with years of experience in prison work, shows how people in prison can live restorative-justice principles. She shows how these practices can change prison culture and society. Written for an incarcerated audience and for all those who work with people in prison, this book also clearly outlines the experiences and needs of this under-represented and often overlooked part of our society.
Ancestral fault is a core idea of Greek literature. 'The guiltless will pay for the deeds later: either the man's children, or his descendants thereafter', said Solon in the sixth century BC, a statement echoed throughout the rest of antiquity. This notion lies at the heart of ancient Greek thinking on theodicy, inheritance and privilege, the meaning of suffering, the links between wealth and morality, individual responsibility, the bonds that unite generations and the grand movements of history. From Homer to Proclus, it played a major role in some of the most critical and pressing reflections of Greek culture on divinity, society and knowledge. The burning modern preoccupation with collective responsibility across generations has a long, deep antecedent in classical Greek literature and its reception. This book retraces the trajectories of Greek ancestral fault and the varieties of its expression through the many genres and centuries where it is found.