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Less than fifty years have elapsed since the first flight of a power-driven aircraft. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers made their now historic flights in an aircraft which they had designed and built themselves; at the fourth attempt on that day a distance of 852 feet was covered during a flight which lasted 59 seconds 1. Unparalleled technical advances followed those first hesitant steps, with the result that aviation has developed into a factor influencing practically every field of society I. The complex mechanism of modem commercial aviation can only function through the combined efforts of countless people. The inspiration of aircraft constructors, the insight and perse verance of air pioneers and the conscientious work of the ground personnel all play their part. Among those who share in this joint task, however, the aircraft commander occupies a special place. He finds himself at the head of a small but comparatively isolated community, which may come under different jurisdictions within a short space of time. From a purely academic aspect he is therefore an interesting figure. Moreover, it may also be useful to examine his legal status for more practical reasons. After all, the aircraft commander holds a key position in aviation, as the safety, economy and regularity of the flight often depend on his skill and judgment.
L'EVOLUTION FULGURANTE DU TRANSPORT AERIEN A NECESSITE LA MISE EN PLACE D'UNE REGLEMENTATION SPECIALE S'APPLIQUANT A LA RESPONSABILITE DU TRANSPORTEUR AERIEN, DIFFERENTE DE CELLES RELATIVES AU TRANSPORT ROUTIER ET MARITIME, ET L'INTERNATIONALISATION RAPIDE DE CE MODE NOUVEAU DE TRANSPORT, UNE REGLEMENTATION UNIFORME POUR TENTER D'APPLIQUER A LA RESPONSABILITE DU TRANSPORTEUR AERIEN INTERNATIONAL UN CADRE HOMOGENE, C'EST CE QUI A ETE FAIT AVEC LA CONVENTION DE VARSOVIE. TOUTEFOIS, POUR PERMETTRE LE DECOLLAGE DE L'INDUSTRIE AERIENNE A TRAVERS LE TRANSPORT AERIEN, LA RESPONSABILITE DU TRANSPORTEUR AERIEN A ETE QUELQUE PEU ATTENUEE DANS LES DISPOSITIONS DE LA CONVENTION DE VARSOVIE MAIS CETTE PROTECTION NE S'AVERE PLUS NECESSAIRE AUJOURD'HUI MAINTENANT QUE CETTE INDUSTRIE EST EN PLEIN ESSOR ET QUE LE TRANSPORT AERIEN EST ENTRE DANS LES MOEURS DE LA VIE QUOTIDIENNE. AUSSI LA PRATIQUE JURISPRUDENTIELLE A PROGRESSIVEMENT TENTE DE RENDRE LE TRANSPORTEUR AERIEN ENTIEREMENT RESPONSABLE DES DOMMAGES DE TOUTES NATURES QUI PEUVENT SURVENIR DURANT LA PHASE DU TRANSPORT AU COURS DE LAQUELLE PASSAGERS, BAGAGES ET FRET SONT SOUMIS AUX RISQUES DE L'AIR, ET LES TRIBUNAUX AMERICAINS, HOSTILES DANS L'ENSEMBLE AU PLAFOND DE RESPONSABILITE INSTAURE PAR LA CONVENTION DE VARSOVIE, TENTENT SOUVENT DE CONTOURNER CES DISPOSITIONS.
Le régime de responsabilité contractuelle du transporteur aérien porte sur les dommages corporels, le retard, les annulations de vol, le refus d'embarquement, la perte, l'avarie de marchandises et de bagages. Au Mali, lors des procès en responsabilité civile contre des compagnies aériennes, les tribunaux n'appliquent presque pas les Conventions de Varsovie et Montréal. D'une juridiction à une autre, les magistrats ne s'accordent ni sur l'application ni sur le sens de ces conventions internationales. Est-il possible de faire évoluer cette situation ?
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