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En la primera parte se analiza el fundamento de los regímenes de responsabilidad previstos en los diferentes instrumentos internacionales que regulan el contrato de transporte internacional de mercancías, así como los antecedentes históricos del fundamento de la responsabilidad civil en el contrato de transporte que se encuentra en el modelo para la responsabilidad contractual del transportador o ex receptum del derecho romano que implicó un criterio objetivo, o sin culpa, limitado por la fuerza mayor. La segunda parte se dedica al análisis de los criterios que han justificado la limitación de la responsabilidad al régimen subjetivo en los instrumentos internacionales que regulan el contrato de transporte internacional de mercancías, en los que la regla general dicta que no es el daño el que fundamenta el deber de reparar, es el daño acompañado de la culpa o reproche, que el ordenamiento jurídico infiere se origina en la conducta que despliega el dañador y de esta forma conceden a la culpa ser el fundamento de la responsabilidad. En la tercera parte se estudia el régimen de responsabilidad civil que debería regir el contrato de transporte internacional de mercancías que permita tutelar los intereses del cargador, quien se ve descompensado con la prueba de la razonable y necesaria diligencia, o de cualquiera de las amplias causales de exoneración de la responsabilidad de las que dispone el porteador.
This Research Handbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the international law of jurisdiction and immunities, illustrating those aspects in which the law of jurisdiction and law of immunities are mutually interdependent, as well as shedding light on the implications of that interdependence. With authoritative contributions from recognized experts, it offers an impartial perspective on the applicable international law, independent from any positions held in governmental or other institutional circles. Authoritative and well-structured, the book covers all major topics in relation to jurisdiction and immunities, such as conceptual justifications for jurisdiction and immunities, extra-territorial jurisdiction, types of available immunities, normative basis for jurisdiction and immunity claims in various types of judicial proceedings. It explores the complex questions arising when a state asserts its jurisdiction over persons that are based abroad, or are not that state’s citizens, or otherwise have no connection with that state, as well as how tensions are further heightened when one state tries to assert jurisdiction, in its own courts, over another state or an international organization such as the UN. This much-needed Handbook will appeal strongly to academic researchers and postgraduate students. Civil servants and employees of international organizations and NGOs will also find it an invaluable resource.
'The focus of this study is on the issue of the recognition of Islamic divorces established abroad, in European states. 'Islamic divorces' is used for pragmatic reasons as a collective term in this study. The term 'divorces' covers the most common, formal modalities of dissolution of marriage by the act of one or both parties or by judicial process. The term does not include informal arrangements to dissolve the marriage, so it does not include divorces that are not lawfully established. 'Islamic' refers to their establishment in mostly Muslim-majority countries with legislation that incorporates, at least to some extent, laws and customs that originate in the legal subject matter of the Shari'a. One should realize, however, that the Islamic law or the Islamic divorce does not exist, as this study will also demonstrate.'
In Universal Civil Jurisdiction ¬– Which Way Forward? leading experts of public and private international law discuss the challenges that victims of international crimes face when they seek reparation in countries other than the country where the crime was committed.
This series brings together published journal articles in international law as determined by the editors of each volume in the series. The proliferation of law, specialist journals, the increase in international materials and the use of the internet has maeant that it is increasingly difficult for students and legal scholars to have access to the relevant articles. In addition each volume contains an informative introduction which provides an overview of the subject matter and justification of why the articles were collected. This series contains collections of articles in a manner that is of use for both teaching and research.
This book expounds the theory of international arbitration law. It explains in easily accessible terms all the fundamentals of arbitration, from separability of the arbitration agreement to competence-competence over procedural autonomy, finality of the award, and many other concepts. It does so with a focus on international arbitration law and jurisprudence in Switzerland, a global leader in the field. With a broader reach than a commentary of Chapter 12 of the Swiss Private International Law Act, the discussion contains numerous references to comparative law and its developments in addition to an extensive review of the practice of international tribunals. Written by two well-known specialists - Professor Kaufmann-Kohler being one of the leading arbitrators worldwide and Professor Rigozzi one of the foremost experts in sports arbitration - the work reflects many years of experience in managing arbitral proceedings involving commercial, investment, and sports disputes. This expertise is the basis for the solutions proposed to resolve the many practical issues that may arise in the course of an arbitration. It also informs the discussion of the arbitration rules addressed in the book, from the ICC Arbitration Rules to the Swiss Rules of International Arbitration, the CAS Code, and the UNCITRAL Rules. While the book covers commercial and sports arbitrations primarily, it also applies to investment arbitrations conducted under rules other than the ICSID framework.
This is a carefully structured, practice-orientated textbook. The strong comparative component provides a thought-provoking international perspective, while at the same time allowing readers to gain unique insights into international commercial litigation in English courts.
The first comparative book exploring the relative merits of arbitral seats worldwide, this work is both a tool for strategic choice of venue, and a companion for practitioners in unfamiliar jurisdictions. Expert analysis of the history and development of arbitration is coupled with guidance on the practical realities of all major venues.