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The proceedings of the Interamerican Seminar on Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage and the Technical Meeting on Rescue Archaeology are presented in Spanish, French, English and Portuguese. These meetings, held jointly in the Panamanian Museum of Man, were organized by the Working Group on Conservation of Historical and Prehistorical Heritage (Pan American Institute of Geography and History), the Cultural Heritage Technical Unit (Organization of American States) and the National Directorate (Historical Heritage of Panama). / Les comptes rendus de l’Interamerican Seminar on Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage et de la Technical Meeting on Rescue Archaeology sont présentés en espagnol, en français, en anglais et en portugais. Ces réunions, tenues conjointement dans le Musée national de l’Homme du Panama, étaient organisées par le groupe de travail sur la conservation du patrimoine historique et préhistorique (Institut panaméricain de géographie et d’histoire), l’Unité technique du patrimoine culturel (Organisation des États américains) et la Direction nationale (Patrimoine historique du Panama).
Este es un libro enfocado en las organizaciones en general, donde se analiza con sentido multidisciplinario las interacciones y formas de vida de las personas para comprender que su ordenación esta determinada y se relaciona con la orientación seguida por la sociedad y la cultura. Se hace referencia cierta al dilema confianza-desconfianza como característica peculiar de la crisis que se vive en el entorno institucional latinoamericano producto de un estilo de pensamiento esquizoparanoide desarrollado en muchos adultos por múltiples factores y elementos intrínsecos propios, en su mayoría vinculados con el impulso silencioso de las fuerzas ambientales y el poder de mando en todas sus perspectivas. En el libro se discuten y abarcan, por lo menos, tres grupos temáticos diferenciados y relacionados con la desconfianza: 1) Como en América Latina y el Caribe, las diferencias culturales y de producción de las personas han interactuado con las experiencias de desigualdades sostenidas y desarrolladas permanentemente para crear e impulsar la incredulidad y la desconfianza 2) Como numerosos factores extrínsecos (políticos, económicos, educativos, jurídicos, tecnológicos y otros) han afectado los comportamientos, el rendimiento, y las formas de intercambio de las personas, a través de las transformaciones históricas de la región, influyendo en la desconfianza de la gente, y 3) Como el conocimiento sobre factores humanos intrínsecos puede ayudar a los directivos y gerentes para anticipar, dirigir, y aprovechar de manera institucional programas de medición y transformación con acciones positivas para promover y mejorar el aprendizaje y la confianza. Se trata de un enfoque interpretativo sobre acontecimientos evidentes que busca contribuir con proposiciones sobre como "gerenciar la desconfianza," haciendo reflexiones e invitando a los administradores y directivos, de los sectores público y privado de la economía, para analizar, discutir y evaluar causas y consecuencias categóricas que se generan, delimitan, y propagan en el comportamiento individual y social de los miembros de cualquier organización. Especialmente, cuando los niveles de la desconfianza crecen producto de problemas no resueltos y de actitudes negativas ante respuestas inconsistentes, lo que influye a su vez en la cultura de la desconfianza afectando e infectando a la comunidad y la sociedad. Si el contenido del escrito llega a sus manos por cualquier medio, en cualquier tiempo, trate de leerlo, entenderlo, compartirlo, y comentarlo con otros positivamente, con confianza, aunque sea de tiempo en tiempo. Recuerda que ha sido escrito para ti y para otros, en la búsqueda de aprendizaje y desarrollo, durante el tiempo que nos ha tocado trabajar y vivir en nuestro medio, para no repetir en el futuro acciones negativas limitantes y así mejorar los niveles de confianza en nuestras instituciones y sociedad.
What is the relationship between culture and human rights? Can the idea of cultural rights, which are predicated on the distinctiveness and exclusivity of a communitya (TM)s beliefs and traditions, be compatible with the concept of human rights, which are universal and a ~inherenta (TM) to all human beings? If we accept such compatibility, what is the actual content of cultural rights? Who are their beneficiaries: individuals, or peoples or groups as collective entities? And what precise obligations do cultural rights pose upon states or other actors in international law, or for the international community as a whole? International instruments on the protection of human rights do not provide self-evident answers to these questions. This book seeks to analyse these dilemmas and to assess the impact that they are having on international law and the development of a coherent category of cultural human rights.
Methodologies and legislative frameworks regarding the archaeological excavation, retrieval, analysis, curation and potential reburial of human skeletal remains differ throughout the world. As work forces have become increasingly mobile and international research collaborations are steadily increasing, the need for a more comprehensive understanding of different national research traditions, methodologies and legislative structures within the academic and commercial sector of physical anthropology has arisen. The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation provides comprehensive information on the excavation of archaeological human remains and the law through 62 individual country contributions from Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Australasia. More specifically, the volume discusses the following: What is the current situation (including a brief history) of physical anthropology in the country? What happens on discovering human remains (who is notified, etc.)? What is the current legislation regarding the excavation of archaeological human skeletal remains? Is a license needed to excavate human remains? Is there any specific legislation regarding excavation in churchyards? Any specific legislation regarding war graves? Are physical anthropologists involved in the excavation process? Where is the cut-off point between forensic and archaeological human remains (e.g. 100 years, 50 years, 25 years...)? Can human remains be transported abroad for research purposes? What methods of anthropological analysis are mostly used in the country? Are there any methods created in that country which are population-specific? Are there particular ethical issues that need to be considered when excavating human remains, such as religious groups or tribal groups? In addition, an overview of landmark anthropological studies and important collections are provided where appropriate. The entries are contained by an introductory chapter by the editors which establish the objectives and structure of the book, setting it within a wider archaeological framework, and a conclusion which explores the current European and world-wide trends and perspectives in the study of archaeological human remains. The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation makes a timely, much-needed contribution to the field of physical anthropology and is unique as it combines information on the excavation of human remains and the legislation that guides it, alongside information on the current state of physical anthropology across several continents. It is an indispensible tool for archaeologists involved in the excavation of human remains around the world.
Critical Perspectives on Cultural Memory and Heritage focuses on the importance of memory and heritage for individual and group identity, and for their sense of belonging. It aims to expose the motives and discourses related to the destruction of memory and heritage during times of war, terror, sectarian conflict and through capitalist policies. It is within these affected spheres of cultural heritage where groups and communities ascribe values, develop memories, and shape their collective identity.
Volume 2 of History of Construction Cultures contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world.
The world has been shocked by the destruction of world cultural heritage sites over the past two decades, as seen in widely disseminated videos depicting events such as the demolition of the Buddhas of Bamiyan and the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra. These acts are perhaps the clearest and most glaring examples of what is meant by the ‘Intentional Destruction of the Cultural Heritage of Humankind’ (IDCHH). The book explores in detail the remedies against IDCHH available under international law. These remedies are defined as all the lawful responses provided for both by customary law and by the special responsibility regimes created under the many substantive areas of international law. The examination includes UNESCO instruments and UN measures for the maintenance of international peace, mechanisms for the protection of human rights and those for the protection of investments, and international criminal justice outcomes through the decisions of the Permanent Criminal Court. Thus, the book explores avenues for response such as appeals to international courts, peacekeeping operations and referrals to the criminal legislation of States, in addition to reparations. The concept of the Cultural Heritage of Humankind implies that IDCHH harms all States and all peoples and human groupings in the world, not only the State or people on whose territory the cultural property is located. The book identifies the international law avenues for subjects not directly injured by IDCHH to obtain its cessation and reparation. This book is essential reading for students, academics and practitioners exploring international law and the destruction of cultural heritage.