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Heritage stones are those stones that have been used for many years, even centuries, to build the historic buildings and monuments of places around the world. Some of these stones are still being used for construction, but others are no longer used, either because quarries were exhausted or closed or because architects and constructors do not know about their particularities and importance. Several scientific papers discuss many of these stones, and a number of papers are currently being prepared, but this book is the first to emphasize the importance and significance of natural stone in the construction of a city, Salamanca, recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1988. In light of this recognition, Salamanca has a duty to preserve all historic buildings that make up the city by restoring those that are starting to deteriorate centuries after their construction. This book describes the buildings, the stones (all quarried centuries ago in the surrounding area), and the stone quarries, some of them inactive for many years, but that should still allow extraction of blocks on demand to restore and replace damaged specimens in the buildings, preserving the very character that saw the city receive recognition by UNESCO in the first place. There are many other places around the world that should follow this initiative and disseminate the importance of their heritage stones. This book will be of interest to professionals and academics in Geology, Engineering, architectural and artistic work in stone, both construction and conservation, but also to the general public.
The past quarter century has seen a near revolution in the availability, versatility, and cost of architectural stone. Enormous technological advances in fabrication, transportation, and installation have combined with the emergence of new sources of stone in China, India, Southeast Asia, and the former Soviet Union to produce an astounding variety of choices for architects interested in incorporating stone into their designs. But, beyond the visual aesthetic of a sample, how can an architect determine whether a particular stone possesses characteristics suitable for a specific project? This is a crucial question, since an improper selection can cost thousands, or even millions, of dollars to correct. In Architectural Stone, Mark Chacon takes the guesswork out of stone selection, design, and installation. He provides detailed information on geological formation, physical characteristics, and fabrication techniques for igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic stone, and explains how these factors affect design and installation. Taking a how-to approach, he offers detailed instructions for all major installation techniques and examines the materials, systems, and specifications required for each technique, as well as methods of finishing, sealing, and maintaining installed stone. Finally, he presents detailed guidelines for the selection of stone, including selection criteria and practical concerns, special considerations for interior and exterior installations, informal testing and practical analysis, and the availability and suitability of particular types of stone. The only one-stop source for complete information on building stone, Architectural Stone also provides: * More than 100 field photographs detailing the quarrying, fabrication, and installation of a wide variety of building stone * Architectural details that describe the intent and use of stone in building systems * Computer-generated images of the geological formation of stone The first and only comprehensive reference for owners, architects, interior designers, and other building professionals working with stone, this book provides authoritative, up-to-date answers to critical questions on every aspect of using stone as a building material.
We live in a time when it is possible to enjoy excellent wine without spending a fortune. Whatever your preferred style, there is superb value to be found if you know what to look for. This new guide to the best everyday wines tells you everything you need to know for buying and enjoying wine at an affordable price, meaning you need never overspend on an average bottle again. When we say "everyday wines", we are talking about wines from the great wineries of the world that cost much less than those properties' flagship wines. Wines that a person of above average income could conceivably afford to drink two-to-three times per week. These should be wines with personality, definitely more sophisticated and authentic than, say Two-Buck Chuck or a generic Merlot from Languedoc. They should show regional characters, be labeled perhaps Haut Medoc and not Bordeaux, Monterrey County and not California, Barossa Valley rather than general Southeast Australia, etc. First and foremost, this book contains lots and lots of recommendations. A new generation of wine writers from around the world have looked in detail at the region(s) they know best and between them have picked out over a thousand superb, yet affordable, wines in every style. For most entries, a bottle or label image appears alongside the text to make it quick and easy to spot these recommended wines on a crowded liquor store or supermarket shelf. Beyond these listings of wines and producers is a wealth of information to expand your knowledge and understanding of the world of wine. A series of feature spreads looks at the most significant varietals, explaining their particular characteristics, detailing where the best Old and New World examples come from, and suggesting foods they work well with. A further series of features focuses on the enjoyment of wine, dispensing practical advice on how to get the most from the experience: subjects include hosting a wine tasting, storing wine, and navigating the wine list in a restaurant. Compiled with as much care and attention to detail as any book on fine wine, 1,000 Great Everyday Wines is the only choice for the budding wine enthusiast who cares about getting great value for money.
The essays in this volume, written in honor of retired scholar John Williams, treat a variety of topics pertaining to Medieval Spain; providing an interdisciplinary, international, and intergenerational view of current work in the field.
This book presents an overview of the results of the research project DESPAMED funded by the Spanish Minister of Economy and Competitiveness. The aim of the book is to discuss the theoretical challenges posed by the study of social inequality and social complexity in early medieval peasant communities in North-western Iberia.
One of the only guides to the prehistoric archaeology of the Iberian Peninsula that engages with key anthropological and archaeological debates.