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"El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la calidad democrática de las prácticas de participación ciudadana implementadas en el ámbito de la ordenación del territorio, utilizando como punto de referencia las prácticas y demandas de participación desplegadas en el movimiento social 15M. En un contexto de crisis económica como la vivida recientemente por España y como respuesta al incremento de las desigualdades, se valora como más urgente que nunca implementar de forma eficiente aquellas herramientas que orienten las acciones públicas hacia una mayor equidad. Para ello se considera fundamental avanzar hacia la integración de una verdadera participación de la ciudadanía en las políticas de ordenación del territorio bajo la premisa de que el desarrollo de adecuadas "prácticas de participación" efectivamente mejora los resultados de las políticas públicas con un importante impacto en el territorio. Podríamos decir que las soluciones planteadas para resolver la crisis justamente han dejado de lado la discusión sobre la equidad, en un momento que es clave para ello. Es en este contexto donde hemos identificado al menos dos hechos relevantes cuya confluencia determinan la pertinencia de la presente investigación. Por una parte, la importancia que adquiere en este escenario de crecientes desigualdades las acciones públicas orientadas hacia una mayor equidad y, por otra, la emergencia de nuevos movimientos o estallidos ciudadanos que reclaman una mayor participación como respuesta a los problemas que giran en torno a las desigualdades sociales. Sobre el primero, podemos decir que los instrumentos de planificación del territorio se consideran herramientas relevantes para orientar las acciones públicas hacia el desarrollo del territorio de forma equitativa y mucho más permeable al contexto social a partir de la incorporación de principios o directrices que justamente retoman los grandes problemas sociales, ya sean la equidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental o la participación ciudadana. Sobre el segundo, podemos afirmar que una de las cuestiones de fondo en las que interviene la ordenación del territorio es en esta idea del "interés general sobre el particular", es aquí donde conectamos con la importancia de una efectiva participación ciudadana, en donde todos los actores de un territorio pueden consensuar un "modelo territorial" que contenga las expectativas sobre el futuro del territorio en términos de alcanzar un desarrollo beneficioso para todos. Para llegar a los resultados del presente estudio, se ha realizado un abordaje multimétodo que incluye: análisis de contenido cuantitativo de prensa escrita, análisis de contenido temático cualitativo de entrevistas del documental "conversaciones15M.cc" y evaluación de criterios de participación de los siete Planes Parciales elaborados en Cataluña entre los años 2005 y 2010. Como resultado, se ha llegado a dos perfiles de participación que en términos de calidad democrática son casi opuestos, ya sea el del movimiento social 15M y el de los Planes Territoriales Parciales de Cataluña, comprobando así que la calidad democrática de la participación ciudadana en la ordenación del territorio sigue siendo una tarea pendiente, punto desde el cual comienza una discusión no acabada sobre la importancia de la gobernanza en éste ámbito." -- TDX.
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
Contributors come from fourteen different countries and are well-respected researchers in the field Reducing Inequalities in Health: A European Perspective is the first book to analyse the success or otherwise of different health interventions and policies, rather than the socio-economic determinants of health inequalities The book covers key conceptual issues, national experiences, examples of good and bad practice and policy implications
The Latin American Economic Outlook 2021: Working Together for a Better Recovery aims to analyse and provide policy recommendations for a strong, inclusive and environmentally sustainable recovery in the region. The report explores policy actions to improve social protection mechanisms and increase social inclusion, foster regional integration and strengthen industrial strategies, and rethink the social contract to restore trust and empower citizens at all stages of the policy‐making process.
cancer n. any malignant tumor . . . Metastasis may occur via the bloodstream or the lymphatic channels or across body cavities . . . setting up secondary tumors . . . Each individual primary tumor has its own pattern . . . There are probably many causative factors . . . Treatment. . . depends on the type of tumor, the site of the primary tumor and the extent of the spread. (Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary 1996, 97) Let us begin by stating the obvious. Acts of organized violence are not necessarily of human nature, but they are endogenous events arising within the an intrinsic part evolution of complex systems of social interaction. To be sure, all wars have features in common - people are killed and property is destroyed - but in their origin wars are likely to be at least as different as the social structures from which they arise. Consequently, it is unlikely that there can be a simple theory of the causes of war or the maintenance of peace. The fact that wars are historical events need not discourage us. On the contrary, we should focus our understanding of the dimensions of each conflict, or classes of conflict, on the conjuncture of causes at hand. It follows that the study of conflict must be an interdisciplinary one. It is or a penchant for eclecticism that leads to that conclusion, but the not humility multi-dimensionality of war itself.
Vacant urban land--the product of land market activity, the actions of private agents, and the policies of public agents--is an important challenge for policy makers. Vacant lots on the urban fringe and in central and interstitial areas have affected growth patterns in Latin America. Contributors to this book analyze the problems and opportunities related to vacant urban land in five cities: Buenos Aires, Argentina; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Quito, Ecuador; Lima, Perú; and San Salvador, El Salvador.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) expresses a fundamental morality in the way a company behaves toward society. It follows ethical behavior toward stakeholders and recognizes the spirit of the legal and regulatory environment. The idea of CSR gained momentum in the late 1950s and 1960s with the expansion of large conglomerate corporations and became a popular subject in the 1980s with R. Edward Freeman's Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach and the many key works of Archie B. Carroll, Peter F. Drucker, and others. In the wake of the financial crisis of 2008–2010, CSR has again become a focus for evaluating corporate behavior. First published in 1953, Howard R. Bowen’s Social Responsibilities of the Businessman was the first comprehensive discussion of business ethics and social responsibility. It created a foundation by which business executives and academics could consider the subjects as part of strategic planning and managerial decision-making. Though written in another era, it is regularly and increasingly cited because of its relevance to the current ethical issues of business operations in the United States. Many experts believe it to be the seminal book on corporate social responsibility. This new edition of the book includes an introduction by Jean-Pascal Gond, Professor of Corporate Social Responsibility at Cass Business School, City University of London, and a foreword by Peter Geoffrey Bowen, Daniels College of Business, University of Denver, who is Howard R. Bowen's eldest son.