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The 2005 Avant-projet de réforme du droit des obligations et de la prescription, also dubbed the Avant-projet Catala, suggests the most far-reaching reform of the French Civil code since it came into force in 1804. It reviews central aspects of contract law, the law of delict and the law of unjustified enrichment. There is currently a very lively debate in France as to the merits or the demerits of both the particular draft provisions and the general idea of recodification as such. This volume is the first publication to introduce the reform proposals to an English speaking audience. It contains the official English translation of the text, and distinguished private lawyers from both England and France analyse and assess particularly interesting aspects of the substantive draft provisions in a comparative perspective. Topics covered include negotiation and renegotiation of contracts, la cause, the enforcement of contractual obligations, termination of contract and its consequences, the effects of contracts on third parties, the definition of la faute, the quantification of damages, and the law of prescription. The volume also contains an overall assessment of the draft provisions by one of the most senior French judges who chaired the Working Party on the Avant-projet, established by the French Supreme Court, the Cour de cassation. The book is indispensable for comparative private lawyers and lawyers with a particular interest in French law. It is also of use to all private lawyers (both academics and practitioners) looking for information on recent international and European trends in contract and tort.
The Law of the Future and the Future of Law is a unique collection of 'think pieces' in which a wide variety of experts share their thoughts on how they envision the future of law. By asking the question -What do you see as the most significant challenges for the development of the law? What developments are we likely to see in the coming two to three decades? What do those developments mean for national legal systems as a whole?- the Hague Institute for the Internationalisation of Law (HiiL) has canvassed the views of a large number of renowned experts in particular areas of law. This volume was prepared as part of the Law of the Future Joint Action Programme and as the basis of the Law of the Future Conference on 23 and 24 June 2011. The Law of the Future Joint Action Programme is based on the premise that prospective thinking about law is not only desirable but also required in order to ensure that law and legal systems do not become obsolete, ineffective or unjust. The aim is to set a world standard in thinking ahead, to guide decision makers today. For more information, visit www.lawofthefuture.org.
This collection of essays addresses some of the fundamental questions facing the law of contract and of unjust enrichment in the twenty-first century from a comparative perspective. Leading academics from Canada and the United Kingdom analyse the nature and development of the principles of unjust enrichment, their relationship with contract and fiduciary obligations and their impact upon traditional contractual doctrines such as mistake, undue influence, frustration and the assessment of damages. The text provides an insightful, contemporary and provocative examination of this fast-developing area of law.
In The New European Private Law, Martijn W. Hesselink presents a revised and supplemented collection of essays written over the last five years on European private law. He argues that the creation of a common private law in Europe is not merely a matter of rediscovering the old ius commune or of neutrally establishing the present 'common core' which may be codified in a European Civil Code. Rather, it is a matter of making choices, some of which may be highly controversial. In this book he discusses some of the most important choices which will have to be made with regard to culture, principles, politics, models, rights, concepts and structure in the new European private law.
This work, the outgrowth of a joint reflection by French and German international lawyers, attempts to reconceptualize the doctrine of hierarchy in international law by emphasizing that a clear distinction should be drawn between primary rules, which encapsulate precepts for the protection of the basic values of the international community, and secondary rules, which determine the regime of legal consequences flowing from a breach of such rules of conduct.
L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTAL EST UNE TECHNIQUE JUDICIAIRE QUI A DEUX FINALITES : D'UNE PART, ELLE SERT POUR ECARTER DES CLAUSES QUI DETRUISENT L'ESSENCE DU CONTRAT ; D'AUTRE PART, ELLE SERT COMME CRITERE DE LA GRAVITE DE L'INEXECUTION AINSI QUE DU PRONONCE DE LA RESOLUTION DU CONTRAT. CETTE NOTION QUI A PRIS SA SOURCE EN DROIT MARITIME ANGLAIS A ETE DEVELOPPEE PAR LA JURISPRUDENCE EN TANT QU'OUTIL D'INTERPRETATION. ELLE A PERMIS AUX TRIBUNAUX ANGLAIS D'ECARTER UNE CLAUSE DIMINUANT LA RESPONSABILITE DU DEBITEUR DEFAILLANT EN CAS DE VIOLATION GRAVE ATTEIGNANT LA RACINE DU CONTRAT. AU FIL D'UNE EVOLUTION EXTENSIVE, CETTE TECHNIQUE A ETE UTILISEE POUR ELIMINER LES CLAUSES ABUSIVES. DANS LE MEME TEMPS QUE LE DROIT ANGLAIS REJETAIT L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTALE, LE DROIT FRANCAIS COMMENCAIT A S'Y INTERESSER, D'ABORD POUR LA SUBSTITUER A LA FAUTE LOURDE, ENSUITE POUR L'ASSOCIER A LA CAUSE. DANS LES DEUX SYSTEMES JURIDIQUES, L'APPLICATION DE L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTALE DANS LE DROIT DE LA RESOLUTION EST MOINS PROBANTE DANS LA MESURE OU L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTALE APPARAIT COMME UN CRITERE FACTUEL ET NON DETERMINANT DU PRONONCE DE LA RESOLUTION. APRES EN AVOIR EXAMINE LES APPLICATIONS CONCRETES, ON A ESQUISSE UNE DEFINITION AUTONOME DE L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTALE, SYNTHESE DES CONCEPTIONS FRANCAISE ET ANGLAISE : L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTALE S'APPRECIE A L'EXECUTION DU CONTRAT ET NE SOUFFRE PAS D'ATTEINTE A L'ESSENCE DE CELUI-CI ; ELLE EST IRREDUCTIBLE ET NECESSAIRE A L'ACTE. L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTALE PERMET UNE GRANDE IMMIXTION JUDICIAIRE DANS LE CONTRAT SOIT POUR L'AMPUTER D'UNE CLAUSE, SOIT POUR LE TRANSFORMER. EN DEMONTRANT QUE SA SOURCE PRINCIPALE DE L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTALE EST LA JURISPRUDENCE, ON EN A DEDUIT QUE L'OBLIGATION FONDAMENTAL EST LIMITEE PAR SA SOURCE, AINSI QUE PAR SON ABSENCE DE FONDEMENT. MAIS ELLE DEMEURE NEANMOINS UTILE.