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Les plans de prévention des risques constituent l'’outil phare de la politique publique française de maîtrise de l’'urbanisation exposée à un aléa. Depuis leur création en 1995 par la loi du 2 février 1995 relative au renforcement de la protection de l'environnement, dite loi Barnier, leur domaine d’application n’a jamais cessé de s’étendre. Prévus à l’'origine pour limiter l’'exposition des personnes et des biens aux risques naturels, ils ont été adaptés aux risques technologiques par la loi du 30 juillet 2003 relative à la prévention des risques technologiques et naturels et à la réparation des dommages, dite loi Barnier. L’'élaboration et la mise en œoeuvre de ces plans de prévention obéissent à une procédure longue et complexe faisant intervenir de nombreux acteurs et engendrent des effets juridiques et pratiques importants. Cette note scientifique et technique se propose de définir et de clarifier l’'objet, le champ d’'application et la procédure d’'élaboration des plans de prévention des risques naturels et technologiques. Elle détaille également les adaptations rendues nécessaires par l'’application de la procédure à des risques d’'origine anthropique. Des extraits de décisions judiciaires récentes viennent illustrer et mettre en exergue les principaux problèmes juridiques soulevés par l’'instauration de telles procédures.
Those tasked with the planning and construction of infrastructure and development operations face an increasingly uncertain context in which they must address risks across a number of different fields. These range from the environmental and archaeological to the social, political and financial. As a consequence, the formal and informal practices of stakeholders often incorporate projections of risk and opportunity. Project Risks analyzes this paradigm shift. It reviews the origin and nature of these uncertainties, and the practices implemented by the actors to mitigate or take advantage of them. Paradoxically, these practices generate new risks and power relations that are not compatible with the collaborative planning model. These paradoxes force the rethinking of practices such as project territorialization, risk taking in planning and the responsibility of actors, as well as the societal and political choices that must be made between the realization of projects and the protection of the environment.
The assessment and management of risk to society from the operation of chemical process plants and other industrial activities in which dangerous substances are produced, used, handled or stored will remain a topic of great importance in the next decade. In order to evaluate this specific risk on a qualitative and/or quantitative basis, the concepts of risk analyses are linked together in this book.The "performance based" and "goal oriented" regulatory requirements of the European Council's new "Seveso II Directive" for the identification of large scale industrial hazards, prevention of sudden and uncontrolled releases of dangerous substances from industrial plants and mitigation of serious consequences of industrial accidents to people and the environment are examined. The fact that risk assessment and management are key elements to such forms of regulation is also demonstrated.While the "Seveso II Directive" defines "what" has to be achieved on the control of major hazards involving dangerous substances within the European Union, the methods of risk assessment and management give guidance on "how" to achieve it. The text provides a practical guide for decision-makers in regulatory bodies and companies with a non-technical background. Scientists and engineers who are not yet familiar with the concepts of risk assessment and who want a survey of some fundamentals of, and principal results from, risk assessment studies and approaches primarily for applications in the context defined by the "Seveso Directives" will also find this book invaluable.