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Se incluyen algunos aspectos complementarios de la descentralizacion de los servicios de salud en Mexico, asi como algunas de las acciones desarrolladas para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos del Programa de Reforma del Sector Salud 1995-2000, en el cual se muestran los siguientes apartados: 1. Prologo 2. Actividades del Consejo Nacional de Salud 1995 3. Cuadro Basico Esencial de Medicamentos en el Primer Nivel de Atencion 4. Distribucion de Competencias en Materia Sanitaria 5. La Descentralizacion de la Direccion General de Ensenanza en Salud 6. Estudio de Regionalizacion Operativa (ERO) 7. El Paquete Basico de Servicios de Salud 8. Capacitacion para la aplicacion del Paquete Basico de Servicios de Salud 9. La ampliacion de la cobertura: avances y perspectivas 10. Evaluacion de la capacidad operativa y acciones a descentralizar de las areas de fomento sanitario en los estados 11. Acciones para consolidar la descentralizacion de las cuotas de recuperacion y los Programas de la Beneficencia Publica 12. Planes Estatales Maestros de Infraestructura Fisica en Salud para la Poblacion Abierta 13. El Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiologica 14. Bibliografia 15. Anexo estadistico(AU).
Se incluyen algunos aspectos complementarios de la descentralizacion de los servicios de salud en Mexico, asi como algunas de las acciones desarrolladas para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos del Programa de Reforma del Sector Salud 1995-2000, en el cual se muestran los siguientes apartados: 1. Prologo 2. Actividades del Consejo Nacional de Salud 1995 3. Cuadro Basico Esencial de Medicamentos en el Primer Nivel de Atencion 4. Distribucion de Competencias en Materia Sanitaria 5. La Descentralizacion de la Direccion General de Ensenanza en Salud 6. Estudio de Regionalizacion Operativa (ERO) 7. El Paquete Basico de Servicios de Salud 8. Capacitacion para la aplicacion del Paquete Basico de Servicios de Salud 9. La ampliacion de la cobertura: avances y perspectivas 10. Evaluacion de la capacidad operativa y acciones a descentralizar de las areas de fomento sanitario en los estados 11. Acciones para consolidar la descentralizacion de las cuotas de recuperacion y los Programas de la Beneficencia Publica 12. Planes Estatales Maestros de Infraestructura Fisica en Salud para la Poblacion Abierta 13. El Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiologica 14. Bibliografia 15. Anexo estadistico(AU).
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.
This report reviews the important role of medicines in health sytems, describes recent trends in pharmaceutical expenditure and financing, and summarises the approaches used by OECD countries to determine coverage and pricing.
Based on twenty case studies of universities worldwide, and on a survey administered to leaders in 101 universities, this open access book shows that, amidst the significant challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, universities found ways to engage with schools to support them in sustaining educational opportunity. In doing so, they generated considerable innovation, which reinforced the integration of the research and outreach functions of the university. The evidence suggests that universities are indeed open systems, in interaction with their environment, able to discover changes that can influence them and to change in response to those changes. They are also able, in the success of their efforts to mitigate the educational impact of the pandemic, to create better futures, as the result of the innovations they can generate. This challenges the view of universities as "ivory towers" being isolated from the surrounding environment and detached from local problems. As they reached out to schools, universities not only generated clear and valuable innovations to sustain educational opportunity and to improve it, this process also contributed to transform internal university processes in ways that enhanced their own ability to deliver on the third mission of outreach
Cities of Tomorrow is a critical history of planning in theory and practice in the twentieth century, as well as of the social and economic problems and opportunities that gave rise to it. Trenchant, perceptive, global in coverage, this book is an unrivalled account of its crucial subject. The third edition of Cities of Tomorrow is comprehensively revised to take account of abundant new literature published since its original appearance, and to view the 1990s in historical perspective. This is the definitive edition, reviewing the development of the modern planning movement over the entire span of the twentieth century.
Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.