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Comment traiter, en grammaire générative, les phénomènes de coréférence? Comment des éléments différents à l'intérieur d'un énoncé (pronoms et syntagmes nominaux), peuvent-ils renvoyer, dans la réalité non-linguistique, aux mêmes individus ou objets? (Problème central pour le débat actuel sur les rapports entre syntaxe et sémantique.) Les phénomènes logiques de coréférence doivent être intégrés à la syntaxe : tel est le résultat à quoi aboutit la démarche de G. Fauconnier, extension en ce point de la théorie classique de Chomsky, démontrant du même coup l'applicabilité de celle-ci à des faits considérés jusque-là comme rebelles. Un autre résultat de cette recherche : les phénomènes d'accord, si importants dans la syntaxe du français, relèvent du même type d'explication que ceux de coréférence. Ce livre apporte donc, à la fois, des vues originales sur la grammaire française et une contribution importante au développement de la théorie générative générale.
This volume is a collection of selected papers originally presented at the XVIth Colloquium on Generative Grammar that was held at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. All the papers deal with current issues within the generative framework, mostly paying attention to phenomena pertaining to the syntax-semantics interface. The major concerns are coreference relations, modals and modality, and focus/ellipsis. More specifically, the contributions present research findings from different languages, often adopting a comparative perspective, and include studies on sub-extraction from subjects and objects; on obviation and Control structures; on specificity and Weak Crossover effects; and on reconstruction without movement, as well as papers that address the scopal interactions between tense/aspect and modals; the syntactic and semantic properties of different types of left-periphery operators; and the role focus plays in elliptical constructions.
During the last thirty years, most linguists and philosophers have assumed that meaning can be represented symbolically and that the mental processing of language involves the manipulation of symbols. Scholars have assembled strong evidence that there must be linguistic representations at several abstract levels—phonological, syntactic, and semantic—and that those representations are related by a describable system of rules. Because meaning is so complex, linguists often posit an equally complex relationship between semantic and other levels of grammar. The Semantics of Syntax is an elegant and powerful analysis of the relationship between syntax and semantics. Noting that meaning is underdetermined by form even in simple cases, Denis Bouchard argues that it is impossible to build knowledge of the world into grammar and still have a describable grammar. He thus proposes simple semantic representations and simple rules to relate linguistic levels. Focusing on a class of French verbs, Bouchard shows how multiple senses can be accounted for by the assumption of a single abstract core meaning along with background information about how objects behave in the world. He demonstrates that this move simplifies the syntax at no cost to the descriptive power of the semantics. In two important final chapters, he examines the consequences of his approach for standard syntactic theories.
Constitue une introduction et une familiarisation au raisonnement syntactico-sémantique concernant la description des catégories grammaticales. Chaque chapitre est suivi d'exercices, assortis de corrigés, complétant ainsi les données théoriques.
Designed for students, this detailed analysis of the principal areas of French grammar combines the insights of modern linguistic theory with those of more traditional grammarians. Theory is placed firmly in the service of description and analysis, and students are guided to an understanding of the French language which will complement the information offered by traditional reference grammars. The book includes discussion of verbs and verb phrases, voice, tense and mood, the noun phrase and pronouns, prepositions and variations in sentence-structure. The author pays special attention to those areas of French grammar which pose difficulties for an English-speaking reader. Each chapter is followed by a set of problems and exercises, and by a useful guide to further reading. Foundations of French Syntax assumes no prior knowledge of linguistics, and will appeal to students and teachers of linguistics, French and other Romance languages.
This volume is an enhanced version of the English translation from the French original edition 'Principes d'analyse syntaxique' (Québec, 1973). It provides a survey of theoretical approaches to syntax, including traditional grammars, structuralism, functionalism, and formal approaches.
The main goal of this study, first published in 1994, is to present a substantial part of the grammar of French. This goal is achieved by bringing together two aspects of syntactic investigation. First, the study focuses on a vast range of French clausal phenomena, including Object Raising constructions, Causative constructions of various types, Impersonal constructions, amongst many others. Second, the investigation is conducted within the framework of Relational Grammar. This title will be of interest to students of language and linguistics.