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En droit de la responsabilité civile, la contribution de la victime à la production de son dommage ne fait l'objet que d'un nombre relatif d'études. Elle est succinctement appréhendée comme cause étrangère ou plus précisément comme cause d'exonération ou d'atténuation de responsabilité. Pourtant, l'étude de la contribution de la victime à la production de son dommage permet de s'interroger sur ce qu'est une victime. À ce titre, nous nous sommes demandés si la victime qui participe à la survenance de son dommage est l'auteur d'un fait générateur et si elle est civilement responsable. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à une analyse croisée de la jurisprudence administrative et des travaux doctrinaux afin de saisir la contribution de la victime et de définir les notions de victime, d'auteur et de responsable. Par ce travail, nous démontrons que la victime qui contribue à la production de son dommage est l'auteur d'un fait générateur spécifique qui n'est pas civilement responsable. Toutefois, la victime supporte les conséquences qui découlent de son fait générateur en raison de la remise en cause de son droit à réparation. Fondée sur une analyse du droit positif et sur une étude théorique du droit de la responsabilité civile extra-contractuelle, notre thèse permet d'identifier précisément la contribution de la victime à la production de son dommage comme cause étrangère et de l'aborder par un prisme nouveau en mettant en évidence ce qu'est une victime en droit de la responsabilité civile extra-contractuelle.
This book is about one of the most controversial dilemmas of contract law: whether or not the unexpected change of circumstances due to the effects of financial crises may under certain conditions be taken into account. Growing interconnectedness of global economies facilitates the spread of the effects of the financial crises. Financial crises cause severe difficulties for persons to fulfill their contractual obligations. During the financial crises, performance of contractual obligations may become excessively onerous or may cause an excessive loss for one of the contracting parties and consequently destroy the contractual equilibrium and legitimate the governmental interventions. Uncomfortable economic climate leads to one of the most controversial dilemmas of the contract law: whether the binding force of the contract is absolute or not. In other words, unstable economic circumstances impose the need to devote special attention to review and perhaps to narrow the binding nature of a contract. Principle of good faith and fair dealing motivate a variety of theoretical bases in order to overcome the legal consequences of financial crises. In this book, all these theoretical bases are analyzed with special focus on the available remedies, namely renegotiation, rescission or revision and the circumstances which enables the revocation of these remedies. The book collects the 19 national reports and the general report originally presented in the session regarding the Effects of Financial Crises on the Binding Force of Contracts: Renegotiation, Rescission or Revision during the XIXth congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law, held in Vienna, July 2014.
This text provides a comprehensive guide to the principles of European contract law. They have been drawn up by an independent body of experts from each Member State of the EU, under a project supported by the European Commission and many other organizations. The principles are stated in the form of articles, with a detailed commentary explaining the purpose and operation of each article and its relation to the remainder. Each article also has extensive comparative notes surveying the national laws and other international provisions on the topic.
This book seeks to produce answers to the basic questions of tort law in Europe from a comparative perspective. It is intended to provide a basis for comprehensive responses by representatives of other European legal families and jurisdictions outside Europe on the fundamental ideas in this book. The book gives an extensive introduction to the delictual and contractual law of liability and damages. Above all, the position of the law of tort within the overall system for the protection of legal goods is examined. The focus is on particularly controversial issues and new approaches. Not only is the relationship between breaches of obligations and torts examined, the basic requirements for a claim under tort law"damage and causation"are discussed. An extensive section is devoted to the elements of establishing liability and the question of liability on the side of the victim, (contributory responsibility) is looked at anew. A final section is devoted to the prescription of compensation claims.
The Workshop on the Indemnification of Damage in the Event of a Nuclear Accident, organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in close so-operation with the French authorities, was held in Paris from 26 to 28 November 2001. this event, which was an integral part of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2000, attracted wide participation from national nuclear authorities, regulators, operators of nuclear installations, nuclear insurers and international organizations. The objective was to test the capacity of the existing nuclear liability and compensation mechanisms in the 29 countries represented at the workshop to manage the consequences of a nuclear emergency such as the accident simulated at the Gravelines nuclear power plant in the north of France in May 2001, and upon which the INEX 2000 Exercise was based. These proceedings contain a comparative analysis of legislative and regulatory provisions governing emergency response and nuclear third party liability, based upon country replies to a questionnaire, the full responses provided to that questionnaire, as well as the texts of presentations made by special quests from Germany and Japan describing the manner in which the public authorities in their respective countries responded to two nuclear accidents of a very different nature and scale.