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This annual publication presents a unique set of detailed and internationally comparable tax data in a common format for all OECD countries from 1965 onwards.
The need for safety nets in Sub-Saharan Africa is vast. In addition to being the world's poorest region, Sub-Saharan Africa is also one of the most unequal. In this context, redistribution must be seen as a legitimate way to fight poverty and ensure shared prosperity - and all the more so in countries where growth is driven by extractive industries that are not labor-intensive and often employ very few poor people. Given that most African countries face difficult decisions about how to allocate limited resources among a number of social programs, evidence is important. Do Safety Net programs actually benefit the poorest people? This book demonstrates with empirical evidence that it is possible to reach the poorest and most vulnerable people with safety net programs, and provides lessons for the effective use of targeting methods to achieve this outcome in the region.
This book brings together papers presented at the 3rd Conference of Research in Economics and Management (CIREG) held in Morocco in May 2016. With a focus on the challenges of SMEs and innovative solutions, they highlight the contribution of researchers in the fields of business and management, with all their micro and macro-economic aspects. They shed light on the universal scientific vision of the importance of SMEs with answers relevant to their local context and adapted to their specific national situation. The relevance of SME research lies in its heuristic value of analyzing change, rather than in constructing a category, a particularly useful empirical concept. This third volume is focused on marketing and human resources.
Why is it that certain people use drugs in the first place and then why do some become dependent following repeated use while others do not? What are the possible implications of the current state of affairs of research from a biomedical or more aptly put, a Neuroscience perspective, including an ethical point of view? These are questions the author attempts to answer as the biomedical or neuroscience research in the drug field is a fast moving area with ethical implications that have arisen as a result of the conduct of such research.
How has the process of political representation changed in the era of globalization? The representation of interests is at the heart of democracy, but how is it that some interests secure a strong voice, while others do not? While each person has multiple interests linked to different dimensions of his or her identity, much of the existing academic literature assumes that interests are given prior to politics by a person's socioeconomic, institutional, or cultural situation. This book mounts a radical challenge to this view, arguing that interests are actively forged through processes of politics. The book develops an analytic framework for understanding how representation takes place - based on processes of identification, mobilization, and adjudication - and explores how these processes have evolved over time. Through a wide variety of case studies, the chapters explore how actors identify their interests, mobilize them into action, and resolve conflicts among them.
Cet ouvrage propose un panorama détaillé des micro et nanosystèmes autonomes en énergie, couvrant à la fois les principes mis en oeuvre et les derniers développements. Une étude approfondie d'applications dans les domaines aéronautiques, médicaux et du contrôle des bâtiments permet de dresser les grandes spécifications de tels systèmes et de leurs sous-composants. Les techniques les plus récentes de récupération et conversion d'énergie d'origine photovoltaïque, thermique et mécanique sont présentées. Un état de l'art sur les interfaces capteurs, le traitement du signal numérique et les liaisons radiofréquence, ultra-basse consommation, complète ce panorama. Enfin, des techniques d'optimisation de l'énergie au niveau du microsystème/noeud de capteur et d'un réseau de capteurs sont introduites et discutées.