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La comunicación ha sido considerada durante las últimas décadas un aspecto cada vez más importante del cuidado y de la educación en salud. Su propósito en la salud se ha enfatizado como estrategia para la eficacia de la atención clínica y como un requerimiento médico-legal que protege los derechos del paciente. Para quienes somos educadores en salud, la comunicación se considera ahora una competencia básica de los profesionales, que permite y garantiza la calidad de la relación médico-paciente. Nuestro país vive una crisis crónica de su sistema de salud, en la cual la comunicación de los profesionales con los pacientes, ha sido uno de los aspectos más criticados y débiles. Por tanto, resulta esencial abordar la comunicación más allá de las lógicas formales, en horizontes y dimensiones más trascendentes, que orienten a quien aspira propiciar un proceso terapéutico autónomo y pleno, que involucre al paciente, su problemática y su entorno como una realidad compleja e íntegra. Es en esa dirección que éste libro enfoca, problematiza y estudia la comunicación, buscando perspectivas que contribuyan a humanizar el cuidado de la salud y la formación de profesionales desde una comunicación vital. La colección en-acción, constituye una propuesta de trabajo variada e interdisciplinar, situada en la concepción de un ser humano complejo en relación indivisible con el mundo que habita y construye. El propósito fundamental es presentar la motricidad como continente y contenido de la experiencia y desarrollo de lo humano en el más amplio sentido del término, superando de esta forma, el dualismo clásico de la cultura occidental.
This volume reflects on how anthropologists have engaged in medical education and aims to positively influence the future careers of anthropologists who are currently engaged or are considering a career in medical education. The volume is essential for medical educators, administrators, researchers, and practitioners, those interested in the history of medicine, global health, sociology of health and illness, medical and applied anthropology. For over a century, anthropologists have served in many roles in medical education: teaching, curriculum development, administration, research, and planning. Recent changes in medical education focusing on diversity, social determinants of health, and more humanistic patient-centered care have opened the door for more anthropologists in medical schools. The chapter authors describe various ways in which anthropologists have engaged and are currently involved in training physicians, in various countries, as well as potential new directions in this field. They address critical topics such as: the history of anthropology in medical education; humanism, ethics, and the culture of medicine; interprofessional and collaborative clinical care; incorporating patient perspectives in practice; addressing social determinants of health, health disparities, and cultural competence; anthropological roles in planning and implementation of medical education programs; effective strategies for teaching medical students; comparative analysis of systems of care in Japan, Uganda, France, United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada and throughout the United States; and potential new directions for anthropological engagement with medicine. The volume overall emphasizes the important role of anthropology in educating physicians throughout the world to improve patient care and population health.
Medical practice is practiced morality, and clinical research belongs to normative ethics. The present book elucidates and advances this thesis by: 1. analyzing the structure of medical language, knowledge, and theories; 2. inquiring into the foundations of the clinical encounter; 3. introducing the logic and methodology of clinical decision-making, including artificial intelligence in medicine; 4. suggesting comprehensive theories of organism, life, and psyche; of health, illness, and disease; of etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and therapy; and 5. investigating the moral and metaphysical issues central to medical practice and research. Many systems of (classical, modal, non-classical, probability, and fuzzy) logic are introduced and applied. Fuzzy medical deontics, fuzzy medical ontology, fuzzy medical concept formation, fuzzy medical decision-making and biomedicine and many other techniques of fuzzification in medicine are introduced for the first time.
The dual problems of securing access to health care and containing the increasing costs of health care delivery bring the issue of prioritization to the forefront of health care debates. This study discusses the implications and consequences of allocating priorities to certain groups.
The book is based on the exchange of professional experiences which featured in an IUCN CEC workshop in August 2002. Practitioners from around the world shared their models of good practice and explored the challenges involved in engaging people in sustainability. The difficulties facing practitioners vary between country and context but some challenges are universal: A lack of clarity in communicating what is meant by sustainable development; An ambition to educate everyone to bring about a global citizenship; Social, organisational or institutional factors constrain change to sustainable development, yet there is an emphasis on formal education, and community educators do not receive the same support; A lack of balance in addressing the integration of environmental, social and economic dimensions leading to an interpretation that ESD is mainly about environment and conservation issues; New learning (rather than teaching) approaches are called for to promote more debate in society. Yet, few are trained or experienced in these new approaches. Practitioners need support to explore new ways of promoting learning. [Foreword, ed].
This book explores the concept of 'cognitive injustice': the failure to recognise the different ways of knowing by which people across the globe run their lives and provide meaning to their existence. Boaventura de Sousa Santos shows why global social justice is not possible without global cognitive justice. Santos argues that Western domination has profoundly marginalised knowledge and wisdom that had been in existence in the global South. She contends that today it is imperative to recover and valorize the epistemological diversity of the world. Epistemologies of the South outlines a new kind of bottom-up cosmopolitanism, in which conviviality, solidarity and life triumph against the logic of market-ridden greed and individualism.