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El estudio del resarcimiento de los daños (tanto en sede contractual como en la extracontractual) ha merecido una especial atención de la doctrina del derecho privado en nuestro sistema romanista, un fenómeno que se ha ido acrecentando a medida que avanza el desarrollo económico y social en el área. Al efecto, y en especial durante la última mitad de siglo, muchos han sido los estudios monográficos y los ensayos específicos que, en diversas latitudes, han abordado aspectos ligados a este argumento, y ello ya desde perspectivas históricas, nacionales e inclusive de armonización o comparación, aunque en este último caso generalmente acotadas a soluciones adoptadas en ciertos países europeos (e inclusive en su relación con el common law) pero con muy escasas referencias al derecho latinoamericano.En este contexto, la obra que prologamos contiene innovaciones relevantes. Al efecto, ella se destaca, desde ya, por poner su atención en una cuestión que, hasta ahora, no había tenido un tratamiento central y exhaustivo como el que aquí se ha dado, consistente en una manifestación específica de los llamados "deberes de cooperación entre las partes de la obligación" cual es el deber que tiene el acreedor de evitar o mitigar el daño con repercusiones especiales en la fijación del quantum resarcitorio, y en el que se conjugan no solo riqueza dogmática sino proyecciones prácticas innegables, tanto en sede contractual como en la extracontractual. En efecto, la autora propone la existencia de una genérica carga de diligencia consigo mismo, cuya inobservancia supone que el gravado no pueda traspasar el resultado dañino a un tercero, sino que deba soportarlo él mismo, asumiendo así su autorresponsabilidad. De esta manera la obra resuelve el problema dogmático que significa construir el deber jurídico de evitar el daño, sobre todo en la responsabilidad extracontractual, donde las partes no tienen el deber de lealtad y cooperación que impone la buena fe contractual.
Over the last 30 years, the evolution of acquis communautaire in consumer law and harmonising soft law proposals have utterly transformed the landscape of European contract law. The initial enthusiasm and approval for the EU programme has waned and, post Brexit, it currently faces increasing criticism over its effectiveness. In this collection, leading academics assess the project and ask if such judgements are fair, and suggest how harmonisation in the field might be better achieved. This book looks at the uniform rules in the context of: the internal market; national legislators and courts; bridging the gap between common and civil law; and finally their influence on non-member states. Critical and rigorous, it provides a timely and unflinching critique of one of the most important fields of harmonisation in the European Union.
In this volume, the Study Group and the Acquis Group present the first academic Draft of a Common Frame of Reference (DCFR). The Draft is based in part on a revised version of the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) and contains Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law in an interim outline edition. It covers the books on contracts and other juridical acts, obligations and corresponding rights, certain specific contracts, and non-contractual obligations. One purpose of the text is to provide material for a possible "political" Common Frame of Reference (CFR) which was called for by the European Commission's Action Plan on a More Coherent European Contract Law of January 2003.
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
The book provides detailed descriptions, including more than 550 mathematical formulas, for more than 150 trading strategies across a host of asset classes and trading styles. These include stocks, options, fixed income, futures, ETFs, indexes, commodities, foreign exchange, convertibles, structured assets, volatility, real estate, distressed assets, cash, cryptocurrencies, weather, energy, inflation, global macro, infrastructure, and tax arbitrage. Some strategies are based on machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural networks, Bayes, and k-nearest neighbors. The book also includes source code for illustrating out-of-sample backtesting, around 2,000 bibliographic references, and more than 900 glossary, acronym and math definitions. The presentation is intended to be descriptive and pedagogical and of particular interest to finance practitioners, traders, researchers, academics, and business school and finance program students.
This comprehensive analysis of domestic and international sales law covering over sixty jurisdictions is the most detailed work in the field. It includes all aspects of a sale of goods transaction and provides answers to complex issues in practice.
Reflecting a global trend, scores of countries have affirmed that their citizens are entitled to healthy air, water, and land and that their constitution should guarantee certain environmental rights. This book examines the increasing recognition that the environment is a proper subject for protection in constitutional texts and for vindication by constitutional courts. This phenomenon, which the authors call environmental constitutionalism, represents the confluence of constitutional law, international law, human rights, and environmental law. National apex and constitutional courts are exhibiting a growing interest in environmental rights, and as courts become more aware of what their peers are doing, this momentum is likely to increase. This book explains why such provisions came into being, how they are expressed, and the extent to which they have been, and might be, enforced judicially. It is a singular resource for evaluating the content of and hope for constitutional environmental rights.