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Medieval Occitania, a geographical and linguistic area often referred to as 'the South of France', 'the South', 'the Midi', or more loosely 'Provence', was politically diverse but culturally coherent. It was here that the troubadours created Courtly Love and a new poetic language, which together were to affect the whole course of European literature and sensibilities. The essays made readily accessible in this collection reflect the author's many-sided interests in the troubadours and the society from which they sprang: the historical and cultural place of the women forming the ostensible objects of their desire, veneration, or anxieties; the extent to which French notions of chivalry penetrated the South; the nature and meaning of various elements of court culture; the precocious development of medical science in this region; its complex responses to the Crusades; and the question of Occitan identity. Mostly complementing her major publications (The World of the Troubadours, collaborative editions of the songs of the troubadour Marcabru, of the epic fragment the Canso d'Antioca, and of the medieval Occitan tensos and partimens), they provide either more detailed material than found its way into those works, or developments from them. 'Occitan literature and the Holy Land' anticipates a new project on responses to the Crusades in Occitan and Old French lyrics.
Si le privilège grammatical du masculin a pu être justifié autrefois par "la supériorité du mâle sur la femelle", l'argument est aujourd'hui indéfendable. Sur les traces des pays nordiques et anglo-saxons, la francophonie évolue, à divers rythmes, vers des pratiques de rédaction inclusive. Ce dernier terme comprend aussi bien la mise en évidence du féminin dans le langage que l'ensemble des procédés de neutralisation du genre, permettant d'inclure aussi les personnes non binaires. Après une introduction sur l'intérêt de la démarche, cet ouvrage décrit un moyen d'action souple à disposition des autorités désireuses de promouvoir l'égalité: le comportement modèle de celles-ci, pariant sur les vertus incitatives que les législateurs et les administrations peuvent provoquer en montrant l'exemple. Un tour d'horizon des méthodes et des pratiques germanophones et anglophones précède l'analyse de la situation en France, au Québec, en Belgique, dans les Etats d'Afrique francophone et en Suisse.
When, why and how can religion and culture be both sources, and places of expression for fundamentalisms, particularly in relation to politics? Those are the central questions asked throughout this book alongside a discussion on the result when religion, strenthened by culture, is used as a political tool to access moral and social power. Cultural and religious messages often form the basis of decisions, laws and programs made in politics, and have a direct effect on society in general, and on women and gender relations in particular. The various forms taken by fundamentalisms in some African countries and the contexts under which they have emerged, the ways in which they (re)shape identities and relationships between men and women are also analysed in this book. These fundamentalisms are frequently sources of concern in social debates, in feminist and feminine organizations as well as in academia and politics. The manipulation of cultures and religions are becoming progressively political, and consequently can cause social discrimination, or even physical, moral, and symbolic violence.
Focuses on women and the civilizations and societies in which Islam has played a historic role. Surveys all facets of life (society, economy, politics, religion, the arts, popular culture, sports, health, science, medicine, environment, and so forth) of women in these societies.