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"Kosher Patents" is a book all about inventions that have made living a Jewish life fun, easy, and more enjoyable. Included are patents for bagel slicers, mezuzah cases, Shabbat elevators, kosher slaughter apparatuses, athletic style tallitot, and even a magic compass that points toward Jerusalem. All these inventions have been submitted to patent offices around the world. You'll wonder, "Why didn't I think of that!"
The book deals with the expansion and institutionalization of intellectual property norms in the twentieth century, with a European focus. Its thirteen chapters revolve around the transfer, adaptation and the ambivalence of legal transplants in the interface between national and international projects, trends and contexts. The first part discusses the institutionalization of copyright and patent law in the frame- work of the bigger political and economic projects of the twentieth century. The second and third parts of the collection review relevant processes in the communist regimes and the post-communist societies, respectively. The essays point at processes of enculturation, trans-nationalization and universalization of norms, as well as practices of incorporation and resistance. The contributors lay a particular emphasis on the role and activity of social actors in the establishment and validation of intellectual property norms and regimes, from the function of experts and creation of expert cultures to the compelling power of popular street protests.
The religious person in the modern world, especially the academic world, lives under fire. In every area his views are assailed as outmoded and anachronistic. In the scientific arena, in particular, new discoveries and theories constantly call into question traditional notions. In response, a new literary genre has arisen offering innovative approaches to issues of religion and science. Jewish writers have not been left behind. Torah, Chazal & Science is a unique contribution to this discussion in its emphasis on faithfulness to the Mesorah - the system of beliefs passed down from generation to generation - and on appreciation for the profundity of Chazal (the sages of the Talmud). The author's thesis is that valid solutions can come only from within the Torah's own framework. Moreover, remaining true to the classic sources is the best way to let the Torah's light shine forth. Authentic Torah sells itself. Through this book the reader will gain a new appreciation for the Torah's truth and beauty.
This work seeks to understand how, in nineteenth-century Germany, Jews and non-Jews shaped and experienced Jewish emancipation, a process whereby Jews were freed from ancient discriminatory laws and, over the course of decades, became citizens. Unlike most other works on German Jewish emancipation, this book examines how so fundamental and dramatic a transformation in the relation of Jews and non-Jews was experienced by the people who lived it, how economic, social, political, and ideological forces interacted to bring about change, and how accommodation actually occurred. The book focuses on Cologne, the most populous and economically powerful city in the Rhineland. Jews, excluded since 1424, returned under French Revolutionary rule, but Napoleonic legislation in 1808 compromised their equality and gave city elders an opportunity to reassert Cologne's historic control when the territory passed to Prussia in 1814. A long struggle between municipal and state authorities ensued, with the city hostile to Jewish rights but ultimately losing its bid to exercise local sovereignty over the Jews. The 1840’s saw the advent of the railway age, and Cologne's economic and political climate was transformed. The city soon became the center for Rhenish liberal advocacy of Jewish rights, led by regional entrepreneurs in association with Jewish bankers. The author demonstrates, however, that Jewish emancipation was not simply conferred on Jews from above or engineered by financial mavericks in the community. Rather, it occurred as part of a broad societal transformation and as the result of the efforts and behavior of ordinary Jews, whose voices the author records. The book reveals how such Jews responded to the lure of equality and the pressures of continued discrimination in their business and private lives, and shows how their response fostered a new, positive perception of Jews as honorable people deserving of civic inclusion. It also illustrates how Jews, enjoying unprecedented success and acceptance, fought not only for individual rights but for the right of organized Judaism to achieve a secure place in society.