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This book compares the rapid development of South Korea over the past 70 years with selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa to assess what factors contributed to the country’s success story, and why it is that countries that were comparable in the past continue to experience challenges in achieving and sustaining economic growth. In the 1950s, South Korea’s GDP per capita was $876, roughly comparable with that of Cote d’Ivoire and somewhat below Ghana’s. The country’s subsequent transformation from a war-ravaged, international aid-dependent economy to the 13th largest economy in the world has been the focus of considerable international admiration and attention. But how was it that South Korea succeeded in multiplying its GDP per capita by a factor of 23, while other Less Developed Countries continue to experience challenges? This book compares South Korea’s politics of development and foreign assistance with that of Ghana, Nigeria, and Zambia, which were also major recipients of the U.S. aid, to investigate the specific contexts that made it possible for South Korea to achieve success. Overall, this book argues that effective state capacity in South Korea’s domestic and international politics provided an anchor for diplomatic engagement with donors and guided domestic political actors in the effective use of aid for economic development. This book will be of interest to researchers and students working on development, comparative political economy, and foreign aid, and to policy makers and practitioners looking for a greater understanding of comparative development trajectories.
This open access book analyses the development problems of sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) from the eyes of a Korean diplomat with knowledge of the economic growth Korea has experienced in recent decades. The author argues that Africa's development challenges are not due to a lack of resources but a lack of management, presenting an alternative to the traditional view that Africa's problems are caused by a lack of leadership. In exploring an approach based on mind-set and nation-building, rather than unity – which tends to promote individual or party interests rather than the broader country or national interests – the author suggests new solutions for SSA's economic growth, inspired by Korea's successful economic growth model much of which is focused on industrialisation. This book will be of interest to researchers, policymakers, NGOs and governmental bodies in economics, development and politics studying Africa's economic development, and Korea's economic growth model.
This volume explores South Korea's successful transition from an underdeveloped, authoritarian country to a modern industrialized democracy. South Korea's experience of foreign aid gives a unique perspective on how to use foreign aid for economic development as well as how to build a strong partnership between developed and developing countries.
This book represents the first scholarly attempt to summarize and analyze how Korea’s relationship with Africa has been shaped in policy and non-policy aspects. It shows how far it has come and where it goes. The book recognizes that Korea-Africa relations, though relatively new, break ground by acknowledging the importance of a diligent endeavor to carry out post-colonial development, and have continued to grow as we find promising progress and opportunities in the mutual cooperation between the two. This book is all-inclusive, covering Korea’s academic, economic, diplomatic, and civil engagements with Africa. It investigates untold aspects of Korea-Africa relations.
This analysis of South Korea's development experience can present lessons for development in the 21st century. Situating the development experience of South Korea within the framework of the capability enhancing state, this volume examines the empowering institutions and policies of South Korea between 1945 and 2000.
This volume represents the effort to help formulate a Korean model of development cooperation. The chapters herein provide potentially important lessons that Korea should take into account. Korea is playing an increasingly important role in global development policy. Because the EU has been involved in this field for decades, it might be helpful for Korea to analyze EU's experience and draw some of the lessons from the EU's evolution and challenges as a development actor. Furthermore, Korea and the EU are likely to increasingly work as partners in the field of development, notably as part of the Busan Partnership. Therefore, better understanding how the EU works in the field of development should be interesting for Korea, and should ultimately help improve the quality of partnership. From the role of European Parliament regarding ODA, Korea can draw lessons as follows. First, as in the case of the EU whereas the Korean government and its development agencies play a key role of planning and execution, the Parliament of Korea should play a role of an anchor. Second, the scattered governance structure in the government needs to be integrated. Third, it is desirable that Korea's laws allow flexibility in terms of legislation, for example, in certain specific areas concerning the portion of tied and untied ODAs. The Federal Republic of Germany has a strong tradition of giving ODA and much experience and knowledge to share with Korea. During this important start-up phase of Korea's ODA practice, it makes sense for the Korean government to look to and learn from other countries for best practice examples. Certainly, some aspects of the German situation are comparable to that of Korea, including its history of going from aid recipient to donor, its regional economic and trading strength, a complex and strong manufacturing industry, few legacies from colonialism and a stable and strong democracy supported by sound financial structures. In addition to those similarities, many of the challenges facing Germany are also problems Korea must deal with, as most of today's issues are of a global scale. Along these lines, Germany could be a role model with respect to Korean ODA in the following areas: political structures and organization, financing, development policies and strategies, and finally, measures to improve efficiency and effectiveness of ODA both within the country and on site. It seems also that South Korean politics of development assistance should initially consider the French experience, particularly in Africa. Much knowledge has been produced on this continent, specifically on major demographic and economic challenges facing most African countries south of the Sahara. On the other hand, it would be useful if aid policies proposed by Korea are known and implemented in discussion with the French and European authorities by registering in consultation frameworks in African countries, as well as within DAC/OECD, in order to avoid the risk of opacity that currently exists with other emerging donors such as China. As Africa denounces the impact of Chinese competition on employment, Korea should be wary of opening its market to Africa. While African governments appreciate the amount of Chinese aid, they criticize the fact that it is tied to Chinese exports, and African NGO denounces its opacity and its lack of concern on environment. As a country that advocates green growth, Korea should maintain its good image in the future as well. Korea should aim at providing budget support and untying its aid to Africa. The analysis of the World Bank's aid policy in Vietnam raises important issues related to Korean development aid. The question of what Vietnam needs the most, money or knowledge, has to be asked by Korea as well as by the World Bank and other donors. Indeed, successful Korean development policies conducted over the past decades could undoubtedly keep on inspiring Vietnam as they have in the recent past. Another major issue is Korea's coordination with the World Bank and with other donors, now that it has joined the Development Aid Committee, especially concerning the breakdown between budget aid and projects. North Korea as a case study shows how Korea can collaborate with “traditional” donors and how they accept or reject the principles promoted by multilateral organizations. It compares the approaches of different Western and “new” donors, and shows how aid is implemented in the field taking into account the obstacles to optimal effectiveness.
South Korea’s Official Development Assistance White Paper Official Development Assistance (ODA) refers to aid provided by the official sector such as the government’s aid to developing countries for the purpose of promoting economic development and welfare. ODA includes technical assistance and funds provided to the governments and territories of developing countries or to international organizations. ODA was initiated after World War II, when many advanced industrialized countries began providing assistance for their former colonies to alleviate poverty, putting into practice the global community’s collective spirit of cooperation. ODA began with declaration of the United Nations to ‘enhance international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character’ in the UN Charter in 1945 and establishment of emergency relief organizations including the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Overview of ODA The History of Korea’s ODA Korea’s ODA System Korea’s ODA Policies and Strategies ODA Volume and Allocation Korea’s ODA and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) Korea’s ODA and International Cooperation Directions of Korea’s ODA Development