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It is universally agreed that HIV/AIDS constitutes one of the most serious threats to human life in our era. The immigration of Zimbabwean people into America plays a major role in the socialization of Zimbabwean adolescents. Zimbabwean adolescents are exposed to the Western culture of sexual socialization, which is different from the African culture. The social bonds and traditions that used to shape Zimbabwean young people's behavior and help them make the transition to adulthood have weakened in the face of migrating to Western countries. The main problem is the transition and loss of cultural identity that affect Zimbabwean adolescents' knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and sexual behavior.
Young females are at three times higher risk of contracting HIV than their male counterparts in Jamaica. Using Jamaica's 2004 Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviour and Practices survey, this research investigates factors contributing to HIV/AIDS-related risky behaviors of young females. Risk perception as a function of knowledge and as an influence on behavior is also examined. The findings reveal that only older females, 25 to 49 years, practice safer behaviors in response to increased knowledge. This highlights the disjunction between knowledge and behavior, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to addressing the social context within which adolescents are put at risk.
Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health.
This book covers the developmental and health problems unique to the adolescent period of life. It focuses on special needs and public health programs for adolescents. It offers deep insight into smoking, violence, teen pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and other problems, along with intervention and prevention strategies. "Anyone serious about improving adolescent health should read this book. It spans theoretical and developmental constructs, summaries of evidence-based interventions for adolescent risk behaviors, metrics, and policy recommendations." —S. Jean Emans, MD, chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine, and Robert Masland Jr., chair, Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and professor of pediatrics, Harvard Medical School "This is the one single text that students can use to study adolescent health. It includes contributions from many of the world's most accomplished researchers to provide learners with cutting edge information to make the study of adolescence understandable and applicable in practical settings." —Gary L. Hopkins, MD, DrPH, associate research professor and director, Center for Prevention Research, and director, Center for Media Impact Research, Andrews University "This textbook presents an excellent balance in weighing the evidence from the risk and the resilience literature, incorporating research in racially and ethnically diverse populations." —Renée R. Jenkins, MD, FAAP, professor, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University College of Medicine "This is an engaging, thorough, and thought-provoking statement of our knowledge about adolescence. " —Wendy Baldwin, PhD, director, Poverty, Gender, and Youth Program, Population Council
This text provides insight into a wide range of adolescent issues. A series of contributions examines facts and fictions associated with adolescent risk, challenging some of the basic current notions underpinning approaches to the subject.
HIV is spreading rapidly, and effective treatments continue to elude science. Preventive interventions are now our best defense against the epidemicâ€"but they require a clear understanding of the behavioral and mental health aspects of HIV infection and AIDS. AIDS and Behavior provides an update of what investigators in the biobehavioral, psychological, and social sciences have discovered recently about those aspects of the disease and offers specific recommendations for research directions and priorities. This volume candidly discusses the sexual and drug-use behaviors that promote transmission of HIV and reports on the latest efforts to monitor the epidemic in its social contexts. The committee reviews new findings on how and why risky behaviors occur and efforts to develop strategies for changing such behaviors. The volume presents findings on the disease's progression and on the psychosocial impacts of HIV and AIDS, with a view toward intervention and improved caregiving. AIDS and Behavior also evaluates the status of behavioral and prevention aspects of AIDS research at the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The volume presents background on the three institutes; their recent reorganization; their research budgets, programs, and priorities; and other important details. The committee offers specific recommendations for the institutes concerning the balance between biomedical and behavioral investigations, adequacy of administrative structures, and other research management issues. Anyone interested in the continuing quest for new knowledge on preventing HIV and AIDS will want to own this book: policymakers, researchers, research administrators, public health professionals, psychologists, AIDS advocates and service providers, faculty, and students.
Adolescent females in the United States and around the world are at an increase risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Understanding the factors that increase adolescent females vulnerability to HIV infection is necessary for the development of an effective HIV prevention program. The objective of this proposed research grant is to implement a community based HIV prevention program for adolescent females intended to change knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to safe sexual practices. A quantitative experimental pre-test/post-test control group design will be utilized for the proposed research study. Two hundred and sixteen adolescent females aged 13 to 18 years of age who live in San Diego County will be recruited to participate in the study. The Health Belief Model (HBM) will be used as the framework for the intervention. Both the intervention group and the control group will receive six 60-minute sessions provided by four trained female healthcare facilitators. The intervention group will receive education on HIV infection and skill building activities necessary to practice safe sex. The control group will receive education on sexual health, healthy relationships, and keeping a healthy body. The intended outcome of the proposed study is to see if there is a change in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to safe sexual practices in adolescent females after completing a HIV prevention program. Outcomes of the intervention will be evaluated using four instruments: (1) HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire for adolescent girls (HIV-KQ AG), (2) Adolescents’ Attitudes: AIDS Precautions Scale (3) UCLA Multi-dimensional Condom Attitudes Scale (MCAS), and (4) An Adolescent and Young Adult Condom Self- Efficacy Scale. The proposed study is significant to nursing because the advanced practice nurse (APN) is a major provider in caring for the adolescent population. This gives the APN a valuable opportunity to provide HIV prevention education that is crucial for the adoption of lifelong attitudes, skills, and behavior that support the overall health and well being of adolescent females
There hasn't been a resource to inform readers about the HIV risk confronting our adolescent population--until now! In Adolescents and AIDS, leading researchers in health, medicine, sociology, and psychology describe the risks to this vulnerable population. Divided into three parts (epidemiology, prevention/risk reduction, and policy), this comprehensive book addresses not only adolescents in general, but includes specific chapters on high-risk populations such as minority, incarcerated and homeless youth. The authors explore the data and theoretical underpinnings necessary for designing and implementing effective risk-reduction and prevention programs by approaching the AIDS epidemic as a social and developmental crisis that adolescents are ill-prepared to address. While proposing appropriate theoretical models for behavior change, the book also evaluates the effectiveness of various intervention strategies ranging from school-based programs to mass-media approaches and offers public policy recommendations for intervening for this population. Health professionals, researchers, policy analysts, clinicians, counselors, and students will find this timely text a valuable resource.