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Knowledge Engineering and Computer Modelling in CAD covers the proceedings of CAD86, The Seventh International Conference on the Computer as a Design Tool. The book presents 49 papers that are organized into 14 parts according to their respective themes. The main themes of the conference are modeling and expert systems. Materials covering database, control, and geometric modeling are also presented. The coverage of the text includes expert systems in process planning; selections and evaluation of cost-effective CAD systems; and designing complex artifacts with the assistance of a microcomputer-based system. The book will be of great use to researchers and practitioners whose work involves the utilization of CAD.
CAD (Computer Aided Design) technology is now crucial for every division of modern industry, from a viewpoint of higher productivity and better products. As technologies advance, the amount of information and knowledge that engineers have to deal with is constantly increasing. This results in seeking more advanced computer technology to achieve higher functionalities, flexibility, and efficient performance of the CAD systems. Knowledge engineering, or more broadly artificial intelligence, is considered a primary candidate technology to build a new generation of CAD systems. Since design is a very intellectual human activity, this approach seems to make sense. The ideas of intelligent CAD systems (ICAD) are now increasingly discussed everywhere. We can observe many conferences and workshops reporting a number of research efforts on this particular subject. Researchers are coming from computer science, artificial intelligence, mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, civil engineering, architectural science, control engineering, etc. But, still we cannot see the direction of this concept, or at least, there is no widely accepted concept of ICAD. What can designers expect from these future generation CAD systems? In which direction must developers proceed? The situation is somewhat confusing.
Artificial Intelligence in Design '91 is a collection of 47 papers from the First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design held at Edinburgh in June 1991. The papers in this book are grouped into 13 headings, starting with a background of AI design systems and to which extent AI that results from being used as planning tool be applied to quality-oriented design processes in architecture. A constraint-driven approach to object-oriented design is also shown on real-world objects. The use of CADSYN in the structural design of buildings is examined, along with design-dependent knowledge and design-independent knowledge. Discussions on empowering designers with integrated design environments are given whereby design objects may be retrieved from catalogues without requiring users to form queries. Mention is given to automated adjustment of parameter values frequently used in computer routine applications. The book also introduces the Computer Aided Design (CAD) as applied to architecture. Design representation using data models, non-monotonic reasoning in design, and the cognitive aspects of design using empirical studies are discussed. Topics of the industrial applications of AI in design, such as the needed steps to develop a successful AI-based tool, and a review of the Castlemain Project and telecommunication distribution networks follow. This book is suitable for programmers, computer science students, and architects and engineers who use computers in their line of work.
This 1989 book is a distinctive work in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI). Cognitive ergonomics and HCI encompass a wide range of research and development activities in both academic and industrial environments, and this book satisfies a clear need for the dissemination of the knowledge generated by work in progress or completed.
On previous occasions each Symposium has focused attention on a current and significant research topic, usually reflecting the interests of the Leeds or Lyon research groups, however this time the main focus was on the vitally important subject of technology transfer, providing the 154 delegates from 21 countries with the rare opportunity to discuss the impact of their studies on machine design.
Many papers in this volume re?ect, to some degree, the active, rapid economic developmentincertaingeographicareasintheworldsuchasChina,Japan,South Korea,and EasternEurope, which demand cooperative work,particularly co- erative engineering, more than ever. New concepts and new ideas of cooperative design, visualization, and engineering have emerged to meet the higher demand resulting from the economic development in these areas. Another trend among the papers in this volume is to apply existing concepts and methods to new application areas. The emergence of new concepts can be considered as a signal of fruitful research with its maturity in the ?eld. This can be found in the papers of this year’s conference. Cooperative design, visualization, and engineering via cloud computing is a new concept presented in a group of papers in this volume. The concept of cloud has been proposed for cooperative manufacturing, large scale cooperative simulation, and visualization, etc. Applying existing concepts to new application areas or creating new me- ods based on them is a logicaldirection to takefull advantageof the cooperative design, visualization, and engineering technology. This is no doubt the best way to widen anddeepen the knowledgein the ?eld. Typicalexamples in this volume include the cooperative visualization of DNA microarray data in bioinform- ics, astrophysical simulations, natural disaster simulations, and cooperative risk assessment, etc. As the volume editor, I would like to congratulate all the authors for their research and development results, raising cooperative technology to a new level.
This book describes recent research advances and computer tools that can be applied in the determination of geometric tolerances. A framework for tolerance synthesis is developed and used with artificial intelligence techniques to provide computer methods for both analysis and synthesis of geometric tolerance specifications. Tolerance primitives, based on a sound theory of tolerancing, are used to represent tolerance relationships or links between geometric entities and functional requirements. Algorithms are developed for the determination of boundedness and the measurement of sufficiency. A detailed constraint network is used to represent tolerance relations for a part under design and provide for the composition of tolerance specifications.
M. Sharples 1. 1 The Collaborative Tradition Collaborative writing is nothing new. The description below is from the introduction to a book published in 1911: Every page, however, has been debated and passed by the three of us. Our usual method has been, first to pick up a subject that interested us, perhaps a subject we had been talking about for a long while, then to discuss it and argue over it, ashore and afloat, in company and by ourselves, till we came to our joint conclusion. Then on a rough day, in a set-to discussion, I would take down notes, which frequently amounted in length to more than half the finished article. From the notes I would make a rough draft, which, after more discussion, would be re written, and again, after revision, typewritten. We would go through the printer's proofs together and finally, after reading the matter in print, we have once more revised it for book publication. Collaboration could not be more thorough. (Reynolds, et al. 1911, p. x) The book, Seems So! A Working-class View of Politics, was written by an aca demic working closely with two fishermen.
The series of IFAC Symposia on Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems provides the ideal forum for leading researchers and practitioners who work in the field to discuss and evaluate the latest research and developments. This publication contains the papers presented at the 6th IFAC Symposium in the series which was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.