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2nd Edition. This comprehensive 288-page full-color book details how to begin the ideal numismatic pursuit: a collection of United States coins by type. Major updates to the 2nd edition are: new market values, new certified-coin population data, updated "Market Price Performance" charts, new coins, new section on "Great Collectors and Collections of the Past", new historical illustrations, updated auction records and a bullion-value chart. Whether you decide to collect from the beginning of United States coins in the late 1700s, or if you choose coins from the 1800s and 1900s, this book will provide you the reference tools you need: mintages, grades, collecting tips, prices, and more, all in one essential historical reference and price guide. Author: Q. David Bowers
This is your road map to finding your way around the ancient coin fraternity. With more than 200 photographs, tables and charts and a pronunciation guide, you will acquire the knowledge needed to survive this sometimes bewildering market. Get a jump start on the incredible world of the ancients by acquiring a basic understanding of their politics, history, mythology, and astrology and how it affected the minting and designing of their coins.
In the authors' own words, this new edition of Strike It Rich with Pocket Change, dispels the myths of error coins and assists you in discovering, marketing, and researching rare coins that you can find in your pocket change. More than 350 close-up illustrations, key identifying details and current market values help you decipher the difference between proper and error issues and varying types of coins. In addition, this unique must-have how-to also includes: • Coverage of Lincoln Memorial Cents, Roosevelt Dimes, Washington Quarters, John F. Kennedy Half Dollars, State Quarters • Expert insight and advice about tools of the trade, preserving coins, buying and selling error-variety coins • Terms and definitions associated with error coins Whether it's a Jefferson Presidential dollar missing edge lettering, that's worth $2,000 - $10,000 plus or a Lincoln cent with trail marks that make it an error worth $1 - $3 there are hidden treasures to be found in your pocket change, if you know what to look for.
Categorization is an essential and unavoidable instrumentality for conceptually navigating a world—indeed for being able to conceptualize a world to be navigated. Classification is a pivotal instrument for scientific systemization, featured as a basis for the philosophical understanding of reality since Aristotle, but classificatory concepts of sorts, types and natural kinds inevitably pervade our understanding of ourselves and our position in the social as well as the natural world at all levels. The authors argue that the character, purpose-, context-, and culture-relativity of categories and categorization have been widely misunderstood—that standard philosophical views are substantially correct in some respects but markedly mistaken in others. The book offers a comprehensive survey of basic principles of classification and categorization, a survey of relevant empirical work, and a multitude of illustrative examples accompanied by instructive analysis of ways and means. The work traces wide-ranging implications of the current approach for philosophical problematic and paradox in philosophy of mind, epistemology and metaphysics, philosophy of science, social philosophy and ethics.
The debasement of coinage, particularly of silver, was a common feature of pre-modern monetary systems. Most coinages were issued by state authorities and the condition of a coinage is often seen (rightly or wrongly) as an indicator of the broader fiscal health of the state that produced it. While in some cases the motives behind the debasements or reductions in standards are clear, in many cases the intentions of the issuing authorities are uncertain. Various explanations have been advanced: fiscal motives (such as a desire to profit or a to cover a deficit caused by the failure to balance expenditure and revenues); monetary motives (such as changing demand for coined money or a desire to maintain monetary stability in the face of changing values of raw materials or labour costs); pressure from groups within society that would profit from debasement; misconduct at the mint; or the decline of existing monetary standards due to circulation and wear of the coinage in circulation. Certain explanations have tended to gain favour with monetary historians of specific periods, partly reflecting the compartmentalization of scholarship. Thus the study of Roman debasements emphasizes fiscal deficits, whereas medievalists are often more prepared to consider monetary factors as contributing to debasements. To some extent these different approaches are a reflection of discrepancies in the amount of documentary evidence available for the respective periods, but the divide also underlines fundamentally different approaches to the function of coinage: Romanists have preferred to see coins as a medium for state payments; whereas medievalists have often emphasized exchange as an important function of currency. The volume is inter-disciplinary in scope. Apart from bringing together monetary historians of different periods, it also contains contributions from archaeometallurgists who have experience with the chemical and physical composition of coins and technical aspects of production of base alloys
America’s #1 consumer advocate for coin hobbyists, collectors, and investors is Scott Travers. Now he has created a guide that provides comprehensive facts on all U.S. coins and a complete listing of the fair market value for your coins today. Plus, he teaches you how to play the lucrative global game of coin collecting by including: • A breakdown of valuable varieties of coins that are hiding in pocket change • Secrets of how to grade, trade and preserve coins like the experts • Current trends in the coin market and how to capitalize with your own collection • The most complete and current price guide on the market today! “If you’re buying just one price guide to see what your coins are worth, this is the obvious choice.” –COINage magazine
Rusty Goe's new three-volume set, The Confident Carson City Coin Collector, provides a time-capsule glimpse of all the knowledge available for discovery about the Carson City Mint's history and the coins that have survived from that place leading up to the 150th anniversary (2020) of the mint's opening in January 1870. Just about anything anyone would want to know about the mint and its coins can be found in these three volumes. Three hardback volumes, 8.5" x 11" in dimensions. The page count for all three volumes is approximately 2,500. Color images fill numerous pages; at least one zoomed image (obverse and reverse) of all 111 date-denominations with the "CC" mintmark. Historical Setting narratives are included for every year of the Carson City Mint's coinmaking years (1870 - 1893). Coin Commentary sections provide extensive studies of all Carson City silver and gold date-denominations; surviving population data, pedigrees, pricing, and auction appearances are all updated as of year-end 2018. This three-volume set provides all that everyone wants to know about the Carson City Mint and its coins. The Confident Carson City Coin Collector will serve as the definitive reference work about the Carson City Mint and its coins for decades to come.