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In This Book S.N. Mital Examines In Detail And Refutes The Views Held By Many Scholars That The Text Of Kautiliya Arthasastra Was Not Written By A Single Author And That The Date Of Its Composition Cannot Be Attributed To A Single Century. The Book Has Been Primarily Written As A Reply To T.R. Trautmann'S Kautilya And The Arthasastra, In Which He Tried To Prove, With The Help Of Statistics, That The Arthasastra Was A Compilation Of Writings By Three Or Four Authors, Edited By Kautilya. This View Was Based On An Analysis Of The Frequency Of The Use Of Ca (And) And Va (Or) In Different Portions Of The Arthasastra. Trautmann Also Seems To Have Used This Argument To Maintain That The Arthasastra Was Composed Sometime After The Second Century. Mital Tries To Show, Through His Own Collection Of Statistics, That Trautmann'S Thesis Is Misconceived And That Va Was More Frequently Used In Those Portions Of The Text Where The Subject Treated Is Primarily Political, And Ca Was More Frequently Used Where The Discussion Is Primarily Theoretical, And So This Difference In The Frequency Of Use Of Va And Ca Does Not Indicate Different Authors. Mital Asserts That The Arthasastra Was Written By Kautilya In The Fourth Century Bc, As Is Generally Supposed, And Not In The Third Century Ad, A View Propounded By Some Western As Also Some Indian Scholars Who Wrote In The 1920S And 1930S.
In this book, Ramin Jahanbegloo converses with twenty-seven leading Indian personalities—social scientists, journalists, activists, artists, and sports persons—to gain an understanding of contemporary Indian society. Jahanbegloo, an Iranian-Canadian philosopher and Gandhi scholar, raises interesting questions about the seeming contradictions of life in India: the long history of religious tolerance juxtaposed with growing religious fundamentalism, democracy being challenged by a persistent caste system, the Indian ethos of equality contested by the low status of women, affluent urban areas that contrast with the impoverished rural tracts, among other issues.
This book examines in detail the strategic relevance of the Arthashastra. Attributed to the fourth century B.C., this classical treatise on state and statecraft rests at the intersection of political theory and international relations. Adopting a hermeneutic approach, the book discusses certain homologies related to concepts such as power, order, and morality. Underlining the conceptual value of the Arthashastra and classical texts such as Hitopdesha and Pancatantra, this volume highlights the non-western perspectives related to diplomacy and statecraft. It shows how a comparative analysis of these texts reveals a continuity rather than a change in the styles, tactics, and political strategies. The book also showcases the value these ancient texts can bring to the study of contemporary international relations and political theory. This volume will be of interest to students, scholars and teachers of political studies, Indian political thought, and philosophy, South Asian studies, political theory and international relations.
It is true that in the study of Political Science, International Relations, Public Administration, and other related discipline Arthashastra is yet to receive due recognition in India and abroad. In this context, the Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS) Shimla had hosted a two-day National Seminar on 'Reflections on the Relevance of Arthashastra in the 21st Century' This volume is the collection of selected papers presented at the national seminar. The relevance of Arthashastra in the contemporary world has been well explored in the seventeen articles categorized in three sections. The first part deals with the relevance of Arthashastra in the present century. The second section of the book deals with foreign and security policy, strategic culture as portrayed in Arthashastra. The third section of the book deals with Human Rights, Women's Status, Good Governance, Tax, and Treasury as reflected in Kautilya's Arthashastra.
Democracy Revisited is a critical as well as uncritical approach to the study and review of democracy today. The objective of the first chapter is to deal with some theoretical reasons of the decline of democracy such as lack of holistic approach, omission of civil society and varied forms of democracy. Out of many theoretical defects the book especially highlights the problem of precision regarding the meaning and nature of democracy and omission of civil society in democracy. Omission of civil society in democratic discourses has been a direct cause of the decline of democracy. That the people are ignored in practical democracy is due to the fact that civil society is absolutely omitted from the democratic narratives. The book also highlights some of major practical problems that are downgrading the importance, implication and relevance of democracy today in reality. Such practical problems are corruption, rule of the elites in lieu of rule of the people, inequality of race, gender and religion and lack of leadership. Under this perspective, it is necessary to have an open look towards the positive points of democracy. Since, there is no much better alternative than democracy we must have to highlight its strong points such as scope of debate, discussion, participation and formation of opinion by which democracy can be a people-friendly political system as well as an ideology and a cultural practice. Thus, this book is not only a criticism of democracy, but also a call for revisiting its strength by which democracy can still claim to be a suitable alternative of all types of statecraft, political systems and social and cultural pattern of life.
This book studies India’s foreign policy through the lens of Kautilya’s Arthashastra, an ancient Indian treatise on state and statecraft. It assesses the extent of influence of the foundational elements/core beliefs extrapolated from the Arthashastra on the nation’s international behaviour to understand the grand strategic preferences of independent India. The volume examines the basic realist and cultural underpinnings of statecraft such as Yogakshema (Political End Goal), Saptanga (Seven Elements of State), Sadgunyas (Six Measures of Foreign Policy), Rajdharma (Duty of a King), Rajamandala (Circle of kings), and Dharma (Order), mooted in the Arthashastra which have withstood the test of time and space. It evaluates the continuity of strategic cultural traits under the themes of nonalignment, bilateral relations with China and Pakistan, and nuclear policy. An important intervention in the study of India’s foreign policy, the book will be useful for scholars and researchers of foreign policy, defence policy, international relations, defence and strategic studies, political science, Indian political thought, political philosophy, classical literature, and South Asian studies.
This book provides an analysis of one of the ancient world's foremost political realists, Kautilya. Kautilya's treatise Arthashastra stands as one of the great political books of the ancient world, its ideas on the science of politics strikingly similar to those of Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Clausewitz, and even Sun Tzu. The author's commentary on Kautilya's text draws out the essential realist arguments for modern political analysis and demonstrates the continued relevance of Kautilya's work to modern Indian strategic thinking and our understanding of the relationship between politics and economics. Striking a balance between textual analysis and secondary scholarship, this work contributes to the study of ancient Indian history, Eastern political thought, and international relations.
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Military Thought of Asia challenges the assertion that the generation of rational secular ideas about the conduct of warfare is the preserve of the West, by analysing the history of ideas of warfare in Asia from the ancient period to the present. The volume takes a transcontinental and comparative approach to provide a broad overview of the evolution of military thought in Asia. The military traditions and theories which have emerged in different parts of Eurasia throughout history are products of geopolitics and unique to the different regions. The book considers the systematic and tight representation of ideas by famous figures including Kautlya and Sun Tzu. At the same time, it also highlights publications on military affairs by small men like mid-ranking officers and scattered ideas regarding the origin, nature and societal impact of organised violence present in miscellaneous sources like coins, inscriptions, paintings and fictional literature. In so doing, the book fills a historiographical gap in scholarship on military thought, which marginalises Asia to the part of cameo, and historicises the evolution of theory and the praxis of warfare. The volume shows that the ‘East’ has a long unbroken tradition of conceptualising war and its place in society from the Classical Era to the Information Age. It is essential reading for those interested in the evolution of military thought throughout history, particularly in Asia.