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Most academic philosophers and intellectual historians are familiar with the major historical figures and intellectual movements coming out of Scotland in the 18th Century. These scholars are also familiar with the works of Immanuel Kant and his influence on Western thought. But with the exception of discussion examining David Hume’s influence on Kant’s epistemology, metaphysics, and moral theory, little attention has been paid to the influence of the Scottish Enlightenment thinkers on Kant’s philosophy. This volume aims to fill this perceived gap in the literature and provide a starting point for future discussions looking at the influence of Hume, Thomas Reid, Adam Smith, and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers on Kant’s philosophy.
This book examines the influence of Hume, Reid, Smith, Hutcheson, and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers on Kant’s philosophy. It begins with the influence of these thinkers on Kant, then moves to an examination of the relationship between truth, freedom, and responsibility and its connection to Kant’s metaphysics and aesthetics.
Although overshadowed by his contemporaries Adam Smith and David Hume, the Scottish philosopher Adam Ferguson strongly influenced eighteenth-century currents of political thought. A major reassessment of this neglected figure, Adam Ferguson in the Scottish Enlightenment: The Roman Past and Europe’s Future sheds new light on Ferguson as a serious critic, rather than an advocate, of the Enlightenment belief in liberal progress. Unlike the philosophes who looked upon Europe’s growing prosperity and saw confirmation of a utopian future, Ferguson saw something else: a reminder of Rome’s lesson that egalitarian democracy could become a self-undermining path to dictatorship. Ferguson viewed the intrinsic power struggle between civil and military authorities as the central dilemma of modern constitutional governments. He believed that the key to understanding the forces that propel nations toward tyranny lay in analysis of ancient Roman history. It was the alliance between popular and militaristic factions within the Roman republic, Ferguson believed, which ultimately precipitated its downfall. Democratic forces, intended as a means of liberation from tyranny, could all too easily become the engine of political oppression—a fear that proved prescient when the French Revolution spawned the expansionist wars of Napoleon. As Iain McDaniel makes clear, Ferguson’s skepticism about the ability of constitutional states to weather pervasive conditions of warfare and emergency has particular relevance for twenty-first-century geopolitics. This revelatory study will resonate with debates over the troubling tendency of powerful democracies to curtail civil liberties and pursue imperial ambitions.
This book offers the first extended comparison of the philosophies of Gilles Deleuze and David Hume. Jeffrey Bell argues that Deleuze's early work on Hume was instrumental to Deleuze's formulation of the problems and concepts that would remain the focus of his entire corpus. Reading Deleuze's work in light of Hume's influence, along with a comparison of Deleuze's work with William James, Henri Bergson, and others, sets the stage for a vigorous defence of his philosophy against a number of recent criticisms. It also extends the field of Deleuze studies by showing how Deleuze's thought can clarify and contribute to the work being done in political theory, cultural studies and history, particularly the history of the Scottish Enlightenment. By engaging Deleuze's thought with the work of Hume, this book clarifies and supports the work of Deleuze and exemplifies the continuing relevance of Hume's thought to a number of contemporary debates.
"Studies the path of natural philosophy (i.e., physics) from Isaac Newton through Scotland into the nineteenth-century background to the modern revolution in physics. Examines how the history of science has been influenced by John Robison and other notable intellectuals of the Scottish Enlightenment"--Provided by publisher.
Many previous works on Scottish Philosophy have tended to concentrate exclusively on the Scottish Enlightenment. Yet, two and a half centuries prior to that period, a circle of Scottish philosophers gained Europe-wide appreciation for their work. This study attempts to correct this bias in the history of thought. Broadie looks at the evolution of the subject from the beginning of the sixteenth-century in Scotland. He relates ideas and concerns in philosophy previous to the Enlightenment to those which followed, thereby revealing important similarities between the two. This is done in a highly accessible manner which makes these ideas available to the general reader for the first time. Contents: Introduction; The Mirror of Wisdom: ^R Philosophy in the Scots Tongue; The Circle of John Mair; Knowledge; Ways of Saying 'Yes'; Freewill and Grace; The Post-Medieval Period; A Science of Human Nature; The Common Sense Reaction; Hume on Belief and Will; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Index^R
Dearest friends -- The cheerful skeptic (1711-1749) -- Encountering Hume (1723-1749) -- A budding friendship (1750-1754) -- The historian and the Kirk (1754-1759) -- Theorizing the moral sentiments (1759) -- Fêted in France (1759-1766) -- Quarrel with a wild philosopher (1766-1767) -- Mortally sick at sea (1767-1775) -- Inquiring into the Wealth of Nations (1776) -- Dialoguing about natural religion (1776) -- A philosopher's death (1776) -- Ten times more abuse (1776-1777) -- Smith's final years in Edinburgh (1777-1790) -- Hume's My Own Life and Smith's Letter from Adam Smith, LL. D. to William Strahan, Esq
This new study of eighteenth-century aesthetic theory situates it in theological contexts that are crucial to explaining why it arose.
This is the first clear and comprehensive introduction to the philosophers of the Enlightenment. Nine contemporary specialists lead the student gently through Enlightenment thought by looking at the lives and writings of individual philosophers, such as Liebniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Reid, Kant, Voltaire and Fourier. This is an introduction to a complex subject which should become recommended reading for students of philosophy from school to university level, as well as anyone interested in Enlightenment thought. Contents: PETER GILMOUR Introduction; STUART BROWN 1. eibniz and the Fashion for Systems and Hypotheses; JOHN WILLIAMSON 2. Boyle and Locke: on Material Substance; STEPHEN CLARK 3. Soft as the Rustle of a Reed from Cloyne (Berkeley); ANGUS J. MACKAY 4. David Hume; R.F. STALLEY 5. Common Sense and Enlightenment: the Philosophy of Thomas Reid; MURRAY MACBEATH 6. Kant; CHRISTOPHER BERRY 7. Adam Smith: Commerce, Liberty and Modernity; PETER JIMACK 8. Voltaire; I.D. LLOYD-JONES 9. Charles Fourier: Faithful Pupil of the Enlightenment; Index^R