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Dwarfs your fear towards complicated mathematical derivations and proofs. Experience Kalman filter with hands-on examples to grasp the essence. A book long awaited by anyone who could not dare to put their first step into Kalman filter. The author presents Kalman filter and other useful filters without complicated mathematical derivation and proof but with hands-on examples in MATLAB that will guide you step-by-step. The book starts with recursive filter and basics of Kalman filter, and gradually expands to application for nonlinear systems through extended and unscented Kalman filters. Also, some topics on frequency analysis including complementary filter are covered. Each chapter is balanced with theoretical background for absolute beginners and practical MATLAB examples to experience the principles explained. Once grabbing the book, you will notice it is not fearful but even enjoyable to learn Kalman filter.
The definitive textbook and professional reference on Kalman Filtering – fully updated, revised, and expanded This book contains the latest developments in the implementation and application of Kalman filtering. Authors Grewal and Andrews draw upon their decades of experience to offer an in-depth examination of the subtleties, common pitfalls, and limitations of estimation theory as it applies to real-world situations. They present many illustrative examples including adaptations for nonlinear filtering, global navigation satellite systems, the error modeling of gyros and accelerometers, inertial navigation systems, and freeway traffic control. Kalman Filtering: Theory and Practice Using MATLAB, Fourth Edition is an ideal textbook in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in stochastic processes and Kalman filtering. It is also appropriate for self-instruction or review by practicing engineers and scientists who want to learn more about this important topic.
Sensor data fusion is the process of combining error-prone, heterogeneous, incomplete, and ambiguous data to gather a higher level of situational awareness. In principle, all living creatures are fusing information from their complementary senses to coordinate their actions and to detect and localize danger. In sensor data fusion, this process is transferred to electronic systems, which rely on some "awareness" of what is happening in certain areas of interest. By means of probability theory and statistics, it is possible to model the relationship between the state space and the sensor data. The number of ingredients of the resulting Kalman filter is limited, but its applications are not.
TRACKING, PREDICTION, AND SMOOTHING BASICS. g and g-h-k Filters. Kalman Filter. Practical Issues for Radar Tracking. LEAST-SQUARES FILTERING, VOLTAGE PROCESSING, ADAPTIVE ARRAY PROCESSING, AND EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER. Least-Squares and Minimum-Variance Estimates for Linear Time-Invariant Systems. Fixed-Memory Polynomial Filter. Expanding- Memory (Growing-Memory) Polynomial Filters. Fading-Memory (Discounted Least-Squares) Filter. General Form for Linear Time-Invariant System. General Recursive Minimum-Variance Growing-Memory Filter (Bayes and Kalman Filters without Target Process Noise). Voltage Least-Squares Algorithms Revisited. Givens Orthonormal Transformation. Householder Orthonormal Transformation. Gram--Schmidt Orthonormal Transformation. More on Voltage-Processing Techniques. Linear Time-Variant System. Nonlinear Observation Scheme and Dynamic Model (Extended Kalman Filter). Bayes Algorithm with Iterative Differential Correction for Nonlinear Systems. Kalman Filter Revisited. Appendix. Problems. Symbols and Acronyms. Solution to Selected Problems. References. Index.
Numerical basics -- Method of least squares -- Recursive least-squares filtering -- Polynomial Kalman filters -- Kalman filters in a nonpolynomial world -- Continuous polynomial Kalman filter -- Extended Kalman filtering -- Drag and falling object -- Cannon-launched projectile tracking problem -- Tracking a sine wave -- Satellite navigation -- Biases -- Linearized Kalman filtering -- Miscellaneous topics -- Fading-memory filter -- Assorted techniques for improving Kalman-filter performance -- Fixed-memory filters -- Chain-rule and least-squares filtering -- Filter bank approach to tracking a sine wave -- Appendix A: Fundamentals of Kalman-filtering software -- Appendix B: Key formula and concept summary
In this updated edition the main thrust is on applied Kalman filtering. Chapters 1-3 provide a minimal background in random process theory and the response of linear systems to random inputs. The following chapter is devoted to Wiener filtering and the remainder of the text deals with various facets of Kalman filtering with emphasis on applications. Starred problems at the end of each chapter are computer exercises. The authors believe that programming the equations and analyzing the results of specific examples is the best way to obtain the insight that is essential in engineering work.
State-of-the-art coverage of Kalman filter methods for the design of neural networks This self-contained book consists of seven chapters by expert contributors that discuss Kalman filtering as applied to the training and use of neural networks. Although the traditional approach to the subject is almost always linear, this book recognizes and deals with the fact that real problems are most often nonlinear. The first chapter offers an introductory treatment of Kalman filters with an emphasis on basic Kalman filter theory, Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother, and the extended Kalman filter. Other chapters cover: An algorithm for the training of feedforward and recurrent multilayered perceptrons, based on the decoupled extended Kalman filter (DEKF) Applications of the DEKF learning algorithm to the study of image sequences and the dynamic reconstruction of chaotic processes The dual estimation problem Stochastic nonlinear dynamics: the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and the extended Kalman smoothing (EKS) algorithm The unscented Kalman filter Each chapter, with the exception of the introduction, includes illustrative applications of the learning algorithms described here, some of which involve the use of simulated and real-life data. Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks serves as an expert resource for researchers in neural networks and nonlinear dynamical systems.
System state estimation in the presence of noise is critical for control systems, signal processing, and many other applications in a variety of fields. Developed decades ago, the Kalman filter remains an important, powerful tool for estimating the variables in a system in the presence of noise. However, when inundated with theory and vast notations, learning just how the Kalman filter works can be a daunting task. With its mathematically rigorous, “no frills” approach to the basic discrete-time Kalman filter, A Kalman Filter Primer builds a thorough understanding of the inner workings and basic concepts of Kalman filter recursions from first principles. Instead of the typical Bayesian perspective, the author develops the topic via least-squares and classical matrix methods using the Cholesky decomposition to distill the essence of the Kalman filter and reveal the motivations behind the choice of the initializing state vector. He supplies pseudo-code algorithms for the various recursions, enabling code development to implement the filter in practice. The book thoroughly studies the development of modern smoothing algorithms and methods for determining initial states, along with a comprehensive development of the “diffuse” Kalman filter. Using a tiered presentation that builds on simple discussions to more complex and thorough treatments, A Kalman Filter Primer is the perfect introduction to quickly and effectively using the Kalman filter in practice.
This book reviews popular data-assimilation methods, such as weak and strong constraint variational methods, ensemble filters and smoothers. The author shows how different methods can be derived from a common theoretical basis, as well as how they differ or are related to each other, and which properties characterize them, using several examples. Readers will appreciate the included introductory material and detailed derivations in the text, and a supplemental web site.
In 1960, R. E. Kalman published his celebrated paper on recursive min imum variance estimation in dynamical systems [14]. This paper, which introduced an algorithm that has since been known as the discrete Kalman filter, produced a virtual revolution in the field of systems engineering. Today, Kalman filters are used in such diverse areas as navigation, guid ance, oil drilling, water and air quality, and geodetic surveys. In addition, Kalman's work led to a multitude of books and papers on minimum vari ance estimation in dynamical systems, including one by Kalman and Bucy on continuous time systems [15]. Most of this work was done outside of the mathematics and statistics communities and, in the spirit of true academic parochialism, was, with a few notable exceptions, ignored by them. This text is my effort toward closing that chasm. For mathematics students, the Kalman filtering theorem is a beautiful illustration of functional analysis in action; Hilbert spaces being used to solve an extremely important problem in applied mathematics. For statistics students, the Kalman filter is a vivid example of Bayesian statistics in action. The present text grew out of a series of graduate courses given by me in the past decade. Most of these courses were given at the University of Mas sachusetts at Amherst.