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How to explain juvenile delinquent behaviour in the Japan of the nineties? "Juvenile Delinquency in Japan" for the first time looks comprehensively into the phenomenon.
Juvenile delinquency in Japan has steadily declined since World War Two. This decline is true for both male and female juveniles, though some noticeable variations exist between the genders. Given this overall steady decline, this paper attempted to examine what factors contributed to the lowering of juvenile delinquency rates. When it comes to gender differences, this paper attempted to determine whether the factors related to male juvenile delinquency are the same factors related to female juvenile delinquency. Theories from the United States and other western countries that predict crime and delinquency were reviewed. Guided by this review, this paper constructed dependent variables (e.g., juvenile delinquency rates of total, males, and females) collected from the White Paper on Crime by the Ministry of Justice. The analysis included independent variables derived from Macro Strain Theory (MST) (e.g., unemployment aged 15-19, divorce rate, enrollment to university), Routine Activity Theory (RAT) (e.g., cellular phone penetration rate, student-teacher ratio, police strength) and Deterrence Theory (e.g., incarceration, revision of Juvenile Act in 2000). Graphical portrayal, descriptive analysis, bivariate correlations, and multiple regression analysis using ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) techniques were performed. At the bivariate level of analysis, the results indicated that unemployment is significantly associated with the total and the male juvenile delinquency, while it is not significantly associated with the female juvenile delinquency. Across genders, divorce rate and cellular phone penetration predict juvenile delinquency significantly. However, at the multivariate level of analysis, the divorce rate was found a significant effect on female juvenile delinquency only when independent variables were limited to MST variables. The implications of the findings for juvenile justice are (1) providing support for unemployed youths, (2) providing support to divorced families and (3) educating youths and their families on the proper use of cellular phones. Limitations of the data were also addressed.
"Bad Youth draws from official sources as well as press accounts, novels, songs, and films. Throughout, Ambaras demonstrates that juvenile protection remained contested terrain marked by complex negotiations among reformers, young people, and the adults in their lives, for whom the promises and perils of modernity could assume starkly different meanings."--BOOK JACKET.
Increase your understanding of the etiology, prevention, and treatment of delinquency! This informative book provides you with specific strategies to assess delinquency and to increase the effectiveness of any prevention program. In addition, it presents a community peer model of delinquency with important implications for delinquency prevention programs and for delinquency research. Examining specific cultural groups in the United States, including Caucasians, East Asians, South-East Asians, Polynesians/Micronesians, and Vietnamese, as well as Japanese youths in their homeland, this model shows how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect the formation of peer groups—and how these groups can facilitate or inhibit delinquency. Culture, Peers, and Delinquency explores the interplay of historical, traditional culture with contemporary youth culture. It also examines the relationship between individual outcome and community disorganization and illustrates how peer relationships are conditioned by gender. The book will increase your understanding of the etiology, prevention, and treatment of delinquency with examples that show treatment alternatives and outcomes, focusing on: intercultural differences in major descriptors of the attitudes and activities of youth the demographics, economics, and history, as well as a fascinating and disturbing cultural analysis of the ever-increasing rate of juvenile delinquency in Japan the influence of peers and culture on Vietnamese youth gangs in Honolulu gender-difference studies of mixed-culture incarcerated adolescents—and what these youths have to say about the detention facility where they go to school a careful analysis of homes, schools, and neighborhoods in terms of their dysfunctions and how they increase the likelihood that their youth will spend time with similar peers and without adult supervision