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The US military has an obligation to communicate with the American public, and it is in the national interest to communicate with the international public. Through the responsive release of accurate information and imagery to domestic and international audiences, public affairs (PA) puts operational actions in context, facilitates the development of informed perceptions about military operations, helps undermine adversarial propaganda efforts, and contributes to the achievement of national, strategic, and operational objectives. Information relating to the military and its operations is available to the public from the Department of Defense (DOD) as well as national unofficial sources (e.g., information disseminated by the members, distributed by the public, the media, or by groups hostile to US interests). Regardless of the source, intention or method of distribution, information in the public domain either contributes to or undermines the achievement of operational objectives. Official information can help create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the advancement of national interests and policies and mitigate any adverse effects from unofficial, misinformed, or hostile sources.
This Instruction implements policy, assigns responsibilities, and prescribes procedures under DoD Directive 5400.13 for the conduct of public affairs programs in support of Joint, combined, and unilateral military operations.
This Directive replaces DoD Directive 5105.35, dated May 7, 1965, to update public affairs responsibilities for Unified Combatant Commanders. It establishes policy and assigns responsibilities for the conduct of public affairs programs in support of joint, combined, and unilateral military operations.
USAF commanders are looking for better ways to use the global information environment to win the hearts and minds of Muslim populations and retain the goodwill of traditional allies. Their efforts occur against a backdrop of individuals who advocate the integration of public affairs and information operations and those who argue for their separation. As the public face of our joint forces, public affairs cannot thrive unless it is integrated with all core operational capabilities, including information operations.
This publication provides principles and doctrine for US military support to the media in conjunction with military operations. It also provides guidance for command information support when communicating with internal audiences. This publication will aid combatant commands in both planning and training for joint operations. It will serve to focus the training of commanders, their staffs, and public affairs personnel and provide guidance for organizing, training, and equipping public affairs forces.
Field Manual 46-1 is the keystone doctrinal manual for U.S. Army Public Affairs operations. It focuses on how the Army thinks about public affairs and describes public affairs roles, missions, capabilities and organizations for the active Army, U.S. Army Reserve and Army National Guard. It also describes public affairs employment, command and control, and support across the operational continuum. This manual is the basis for Public Affairs force design and materiel acquisition. It supports the doctrinal requirements of the Concept Based Requirements System and is the authoritative foundation for the integration of Public Affairs into Army doctrine, individual and unit training, leader development, force design and materiel acquisition initiatives. FM 46-1 is directly linked to, and must be used in conjunction with FM 100-5, FM 100-6, TRADOC PAM 525-5 and Joint Publication 1-07. FM 46-1 is the doctrinal guide for commanders, planners, and users of Army Public Affairs. It is also a guide for those who must consider the effects public affairs has on military operations. It describes the fundamental principles and concepts for providing information to a wide range of internal and external audiences- soldiers, family members, retirees, political leaders, the general public, allies and adversaries. Public affairs personnel must use their professional knowledge, skills and judgment in adapting the principles in this manual to their specific situations. Public Affairs commanders and trainers should use this manual and Army Training and Evaluation Programs (ARTEP) to plan and conduct their training. This manual aligns public affairs operations with the command and control Battlefield Operating System (BOS) and is intended for Army-wide dissemination.
Army public affairs doctrine is consistent and compatible with joint public affairs doctrine and policy, and Department of Defense (DOD) and Department of the Army (DA) public affairs policies. It describes the fundamental principles and concepts that provide information to internal and external national and international key actors and publics-Soldiers, family members, retirees, political leaders, allies, and adversaries. This publication, Field Manual FM 3-61 Public Affairs Operations April 2014, includes public affairs principles, functions, core public affairs tasks, tenets and characteristics for commanders, planners, and other users of Army public affairs. Public affairs professionals use this manual to plan and conduct public affairs training. This publication is based on current force structure and materiel capabilities. It is authoritative but not prescriptive. Public affairs professionals must use their professional knowledge, skills, and judgment when recommending command adaptations to the principles in this publication to meet specific situations. FM 3-61 contains four chapters: Chapter 1 addresses the defined role of Army public affairs activities and how public affairs supports unified land operations and the relationship of public affairs to the mission command warfighting function. It outlines the relationship of public affairs in information synchronization and how public affairs supports operations. It addresses public affairs support to defense support of civil authorities and the role of public affairs in joint operations. Chapter 2 addresses the public affairs architecture and the mission of Army public affairs as a command responsibility and the mandate from the United States (U.S.) Code requiring the Secretary of the Army to designate a career field to communicate to the American public what the Army does. It discusses the commander's responsibility to designate only military personnel or Army civilian employees as official spokespersons and to train all personnel to tell the Army story to help promote public understanding of Army operations and activities. It outlines the three broad, interrelated public affairs functions: public (external) information, command (internal) information, and community engagement. It addresses the Army public affairs core tasks, tenets, and public affairs functions, core tasks, tenets, and public affairs characteristics. Chapter 3 addresses the Army public affairs force and how it is organized to support commanders at all levels of command and in all phases of operations. The chapter outlines the career programs for commissioned officers, noncommissioned officers, enlisted Soldiers, and Army civilians. It addresses the functions and capabilities of all Army public affairs units, organizations and command sections at installations, in garrison and when deployed. Chapter 4 addresses public affairs relationships with the international, U.S., and local publics with which public affairs must interact to support the commander's communication objectives. It addresses the relationship of the commander to public affairs and the public affairs relationship with the command staff and other functional areas. It addresses Army public affairs and its interaction with other government agencies, such as the Department of State, U.S. Information Agency, U.S. ambassadors, and nongovernmental organizations.
Field Manual 46-1 is the keystone doctrinal manual for U.S. Army Public Affairs operations. It focuses on how the Army thinks about public affairs and describes public affairs roles, missions, capabilities and organizations for the active Army, U.S. Army Reserve and Army National Guard. It also describes public affairs employment, command and control, and support across the operational continuum. This manual is the basis for Public Affairs force design and materiel acquisition. It supports the doctrinal requirements of the Concept Based Requirements System and is the authoritative foundation for the integration of Public Affairs into Army doctrine, individual and unit training, leader development force design and materiel acquisition initiatives. FM 46-1 is directly linked to, and must be used in conjunction with FM 100-5, FM 100-6, TRADOC PAM 525-5 and Joint Publication 1-07. FM 46-1 is the doctrinal guide for commanders, planners, and users of Army Public Affairs. It is also a guide for those who must consider the effects public affairs has on military operations. It describes the fundamental principles and concepts for providing information to a wide range of internal and external audiences-soldiers, family members, retirees, political leaders, the general public, allies and adversaries.
This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance for public affairs support to joint operations. It also addresses public affairs operations and the role of public affairs in strategic communication. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination and for US military involvement in multinational operations. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for joint operations, education, and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the Joint Staff, commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of these commands, and the Services. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command's doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine.