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Defining John Bull demonstrates that caricature played a vital role in the redefinition of what it meant to be British. The public's increasing interest in political controversies meant that satirists turned their attention to individuals and the issues involved. This long reign was marked by political crises, both foreign and domestic and caricaturists responded with an outpouring of work that led the era to be called the 'golden age' of caricature. These multitudinous prints, produced in response to public demands and sensitive to public attitudes, indicate the redefinition of existing ideals.
Arguing that American colonists who declared their independence in 1776 remained tied to England by both habit and inclination, Jennifer Clark traces the new Americans' struggle to come to terms with their loss of identity as British, and particularly English, citizens. Americans' attempts to negotiate the new Anglo-American relationship are revealed in letters, newspaper accounts, travel reports, essays, song lyrics, short stories and novels, which Clark suggests show them repositioning themselves in a transatlantic context newly defined by political revolution. Chapters examine political writing as a means for Americans to explore the Anglo-American relationship, the appropriation of John Bull by American writers, the challenge the War of 1812 posed to the reconstructed Anglo-American relationship, the Paper War between American and English authors that began around the time of the War of 1812, accounts by Americans lured to England as a place of poetry, story and history, and the work of American writers who dissected the Anglo-American relationship in their fiction. Carefully contextualised historically, Clark's persuasive study shows that any attempt to examine what it meant to be American in the New Nation, and immediately beyond, must be situated within the context of the Anglo-American relationship.
The top hat and stars and stripes that characterize Uncle Sam today were first worn by Yankee actors portraying Brother Jonathan. This book explores the complex emblematic function of the Brother Jonathan figure and its changing meaning through the decades and in a multitude of popular media.
When the railroad first came to America, mine owners used it to haul coal and rocks to towns and to canals and rivers for transportation. Train cars were moved by horses, gravity, and even the wind. Then the steam locomotive came to town, announcing its presences with a loud chuffing and smoke winding from the chimney. Life in the newly independent country of America was changed forever. Inventors and businessmen saw infinite possibilities. America adopted the train and rails from Great Britain and made them an American way of life. New railroads and new trains competed with each other to be the best. Soon they would cross the vast nation, and it all started when the railroad came to America.
First Published in 2015. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.
The study of emotions has attracted anew the interest of scholars in various disciplines, igniting a lively public debate on the constructive and destructive power of emotions in society as well as within each of us. Most of the contributors to this volume do not hail from the United States but look at the nation from abroad. They explore the role of emotions in history and ask how that exploration changes what we know about national and international history, and in turn how that affects the methodological study of history. In particular they focus on emotions in American history between the 18th century and the present: in war, in social and political discourse, as well as in art and the media. In addition to case studies, the volume includes a review of their fields by senior scholars, who offer new insights regarding future research projects.