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The Definitive Biography of John Brown “John Brown’s life was filled with drama, and Oates tells his story in a manner so engrossing that the book reads like a novel, despite the fact that it is extensively documented and researched.” —Eric Foner, The New York Times Book Review Professor Oates “has given us the most objective and absorbing biography of John Brown ever written. The subtitle perfectly captures Brown’s own conception of his role in the antislavery crusade. Oates describes with subtlety and detail John Brown’s early career, his struggles with poverty, illness and death, the desperate straits the man was put to in support of his large family of twenty children. He tells us that Brown came to the armed phase of his abolitionist career at the end of many business ventures and as many failures, unsuccessful speculations, lawsuits, and bankruptcies, even misappropriation of funds.” —Willie Lee Rose, New York Review of Books In October 1859, abolitionist John Brown led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry. His goal was to secure weapons and start a slave rebellion. The raid was a failure, but it galvanized the nation and sparked the Civil War. Still one of the most controversial figures in American history, John Brown’s actions raise interesting questions about unsanctioned violence that can be justified for a greater good. For more than a hundred years after Brown’s hanging, biographies of him tended to be highly politicized—then came historian Stephen B. Oates’ biography of Brown. Since its publication, Professor Oates’ work has come to be recognized as the definitive biography of Brown, a balanced assessment that captures the man in all his complexity.
This moving tribute to abolitionist John Brown offers a unique perspective on one of the most influential figures in American history. Through the eyes of his contemporaries, readers gain insight into Brown's courage, conviction, and unwavering commitment to justice. Winkley's vivid descriptions and firsthand accounts bring to life the extraordinary events that shaped Brown's legacy, making this a must-read for anyone interested in the struggle for freedom and equality in America. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A New York Times Notable Book for 2011 A Library Journal Top Ten Best Books of 2011 A Boston Globe Best Nonfiction Book of 2011 Bestselling author Tony Horwitz tells the electrifying tale of the daring insurrection that put America on the path to bloody war Plotted in secret, launched in the dark, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was a pivotal moment in U.S. history. But few Americans know the true story of the men and women who launched a desperate strike at the slaveholding South. Now, Midnight Rising portrays Brown's uprising in vivid color, revealing a country on the brink of explosive conflict. Brown, the descendant of New England Puritans, saw slavery as a sin against America's founding principles. Unlike most abolitionists, he was willing to take up arms, and in 1859 he prepared for battle at a hideout in Maryland, joined by his teenage daughter, three of his sons, and a guerrilla band that included former slaves and a dashing spy. On October 17, the raiders seized Harpers Ferry, stunning the nation and prompting a counterattack led by Robert E. Lee. After Brown's capture, his defiant eloquence galvanized the North and appalled the South, which considered Brown a terrorist. The raid also helped elect Abraham Lincoln, who later began to fulfill Brown's dream with the Emancipation Proclamation, a measure he called "a John Brown raid, on a gigantic scale." Tony Horwitz's riveting book travels antebellum America to deliver both a taut historical drama and a telling portrait of a nation divided—a time that still resonates in ours.
Brown (1800-59) was an American abolitionist who believed and advocated that armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the USA. Following several earlier attacks, in 1859 he led a raid on the federal armory at Harper's Ferry to start a liberation movement among the slaves there, intending to arm the slaves with the weapons from the arsenal. The attack failed, leaving seven killed and ten or more injured, and Brown was tried for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, the murder of five men and inciting a slave insurrection. He was found guilty on all counts and hanged. This short work published in 1905 is based on the author's personal recollections of how he, as a young man in the turbulent period of 1856-7, came under Brown's influence. With three illustrations.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The interest attaching to this little book demands from me some noticeof its author, and of my indebtedness to him while preparing, twentyyears ago, a "Life and Letters of John Brown," which has since becomethe basis of several biographies of that hero. Dr. J. W. Winkley, longa citizen of Boston, was one of those who, in 1856, became a Free Statecolonist of Kansas Territory, then the skirmish-ground of the longconflict between free labor and Negro slavery. His residence there wasbrief (1856 and 1857), as was that of many who went out in the years1855-'58 to take part on one side or the other of the contest; buthe had the good fortune, as a youth, in the perceptive and receptiveperiod of life, to come under the influence of a hero; and this bookportrays the incidents of that interesting acquaintance. Nearlythirty years later he communicated to me this story, and I succinctlymentioned it in my book. But it required a fuller statement; especiallysince it seems largely to have escaped the notice of the chroniclersof that disturbed and confused period of 1856. The partisan movementshere described came in between two of Brown's famous fights,--that ofBlack Jack, in early June, when he captured the Virginian captain,Pate, and that in the end of August, when he repelled the formidableattack of the Missourians upon the small settlement of Osawatomie. Thebrothers Winkley and their comrades took up arms in the neighborhoodof Osawatomie, after the engagements of the first two weeks in August,which culminated in the capture of several camps or "forts" of theSouthern invaders of eastern Kansas, August 14 and 16. Fort Saunders,not far from Lawrence was taken by a Free State force under GeneralLane, August 14. On the 16th, another Pro-slavery "fort," garrisonedby a Colonel Titus, was captured, near Lecompton. The reason forthese attacks was thus given by John Brown, Jr., then a prisoner atLecompton, guarded by Captain Sackett with a force of United Statesdragoons (August 16, 1856): "During the past month the Ruffians have been actively at work, and have made not less than five intrenched camps, where they have, in different parts of the Territory, established themselves in armed bands, well provided with arms, provisions, and ammunition. From these camps they sally out, steal horses, and rob Free State settlers (in several cases murdering them), and then slip back into their camp with their plunder. Last week, a body of our men made a descent upon Franklin (four miles south of Lawrence) and, after a skirmishing fight of about three hours, took their barracks and recovered some sixty guns and a cannon, of which our men had been robbed some months since, on the road from Westport. Yesterday our men invested another of their fortified camps, at Washington Creek.... Towards evening the enemy broke and fled, leaving behind, to fall into the hands of our men, a lot of provisions and 100 stand of arms.... This morning our men followed Colonel Titus closely, and fell upon his camp (near Lecompton), killed two of his men, liberated his prisoners, took him and ten other prisoners, and with a lot of arms, tents, provisions, etc., returned, having in the fight had only one of our men seriously wounded.... This series of victories has caused the greatest fear among the Pro-slavery men. Great numbers are leaving for Missouri.... I see by the Missouri papers that they regard John Brown as the most terrible foe they have to encounter. He stands very high with the Free State men who will fight, and the great majority of these have made up their minds that nothing short of war to the death can save us fromextermination."
In the late 1850s, at a time when many men and women spoke out against slavery, few had the same impact as John Brown, the infamous white abolitionist who backed his beliefs with unstoppable action.