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Jocelin, bishop of Wells (d. 1242), is an iconic figure in his native city of Wells in Somerset, though his career as churchman, courtier and statesman also took him beyond the boundaries of the west country. Coming from a family which had produced bishops over several generations, he played a major role in a developing diocese and mother church, and in the growth of towns, fairs and markets in early thirteenth-century Somerset. He had a crucial influence on the completion of what was to become Wells Cathedral, and on the Bishop's Palace beside it.
The architecture of cathedrals, basilicas and abbey churches is the architecture of those church buildings which are usually of large size, including most cathedrals, and follow one of several branching traditions of form, function and style that stem initially from Early Christian traditions of the Roman Empire. Cathedrals in particular, as well as many abbey churches and basilicas, have certain complex structural forms that are found less often in parish churches. They also tend to display a higher level of contemporary architectural style and the work of accomplished craftsmen, and occupy a status both ecclesiastical and social that an ordinary parish church does not have. Such a cathedral or great church is generally one of the finest buildings within its region and is a focus of local pride. Many cathedrals and basilicas, and a number of abbey churches are among the most renowned works of architecture on the planet. The earliest large churches date from the Roman Empire. As Christianity and the construction of churches and cathedral spread throughout the world, their manner of building was dependent upon local materials and local techniques. Different styles of architecture developed and their fashion spread, carried by the establishment of monastic orders, by the posting of bishops from one region to another and by the travelling of master stonemasons who served as architects. The styles of the great church buildings are successively known as Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, various Revival styles of the late 18th to early 20th centuries and Modern. Overlaid on each of the academic styles are the regional characteristics. Some of these characteristics are so typical of a particular country or region that they appear, regardless of style, in the architecture of churches designed many centuries apart.
This volume explores the role of bishops at the heart of thirteenth-century English politics, examining their culture and political theology. Under King John and Henry III, the bishops acted as peacemakers, supporting royal power when it was threatened, but between 1258 and 1265, led by Simon de Montfort, they became partisans, helping to overturn royal power.
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This interdisciplinary study interprets the façade of Wells Cathedral as an integral part of thirteenth-century Church liturgy and politics. The façade promoted the aims of the church of Wells, the Fourth Lateran Council, and the English Church and State following Magna Carta.