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This book was first published in 1966. It was surprising that so small and so remote a country as Switzerland should have played such an important part in the industrial revolution on the Continent in the nineteenth century. A lack of natural resources and basic raw materials and population of 1,687,000 in 1817, faraway trade ports, and until 1848 no real central government with the administrative structure to support expansion of manufacturers. However, the people were hardworking, thrifty and high standards of workmanship; and had good relations with France and Germany, which saw the watchmakers, silkweavers and chocolate crafters start to thrive. Johann Conrad Fischer was typical of the entrepreneurs who laid the foundations of Switzerland's prosperity with his steelworks.
Concentrating on the Industrial Revolution as experienced in Great Britain (and, within that sphere, mainly on the early development of the engineering and chemical industries), the authors develop the thesis that the interaction between theorists and men of practical affairs was much closer, more complex and more consequential than some historians of science have held it to be. Deeply researched, gracefully argued and fully documented. First published in 1969, and established now as a "classic" in the field, the present edition has a new foreword by Margaret C. Jacob. (NW) Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
This is the first comprehensive book on the history of gunpowder rockets. As complex and varied as modern rockets are, they all have a common ancestor--the modest gunpowder rocket--which saw its peak development in the last century. In the early 1880s, Englishman William Congreve changed the face of rocketry by initiating the modern process of research and development. William Hale, Congreve's compatriot, introduced major improvements in rocketry using the advances of the Industrial Revolution in steam power and metallurgy. Frank Winter discusses in detail the international impact of Congreve and Hale rockets for seven major and nine minor European countries, the Americas, India, China, and the Middle East. He describes the applications of the gunpowder rocket to areas as varied as scientific inquiry, whaling, torpedoes, and flying machines. This definitive book assesses the achievements of Congreve and Hale in light of other forms of artillery of the day. It will prove to be a valuable contribution to the history of technology and military history. -- Dust jacket.