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In this book, the authors provide a cogent review of statistical and interpretive procedures that, in combination, can be used to reduce the likelihood that tests contain items that favor members of one gender, age, racial, or ethnic group over equally able members of another group, for reasons that are unrelated to the objectives and purposes of measurement. Such test items are said to be biased against the equally able members of the group that is not favored. The methods described and illustrated in this book have the potential to reducing the incidence of tests that are, in their construction, biased against members of one or more groups. These methods have the potential of controlling an important source of invalidity when test results are interpreted.
Collects humorous, whimsical, and strange stories that combine unusual subject matter with emotional expression and exhibit a broad diversity of form.
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license.​​ This book describes the extensive contributions made toward the advancement of human assessment by scientists from one of the world’s leading research institutions, Educational Testing Service. The book’s four major sections detail research and development in measurement and statistics, education policy analysis and evaluation, scientific psychology, and validity. Many of the developments presented have become de-facto standards in educational and psychological measurement, including in item response theory (IRT), linking and equating, differential item functioning (DIF), and educational surveys like the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the Programme of international Student Assessment (PISA), the Progress of International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). In addition to its comprehensive coverage of contributions to the theory and methodology of educational and psychological measurement and statistics, the book gives significant attention to ETS work in cognitive, personality, developmental, and social psychology, and to education policy analysis and program evaluation. The chapter authors are long-standing experts who provide broad coverage and thoughtful insights that build upon decades of experience in research and best practices for measurement, evaluation, scientific psychology, and education policy analysis. Opening with a chapter on the genesis of ETS and closing with a synthesis of the enormously diverse set of contributions made over its 70-year history, the book is a useful resource for all interested in the improvement of human assessment.
Wright and Stone had proposed three features to assess the quality of the distribution of the items difficulties in a test, on the so called "most probable response map": line, stack and gap. Once a line is accepted as a design model for a test, gaps and stacks are practically eliminated, producing an evidence of the "scale validity" of the test. A linear model that concretes the idea by Wright & Stone to assess the quality of a test is proposed based on the experience on several real tests. The model is the "test design line" distributing uniformly the items of the test centered on 0 logits. The "test design model" is related to the "mean absolute difference", a single parameter useful to determine (a) the distribution of the items, (b) the lack of bias of the scale and (c) the test width; three main characteristics of the validity of a test. Some results and applications of the model are shown, including remarks about test design, test analysis and item calibration. The model has been successfully used since 2001, to identify the "scale validity" of tests in Mexico, El Salvador and Colombia, from preschool up to professional level. The test design line is a straightforward tool to improve the quality of a test, it provides a mean to compare between different forms of a test and represents a simple procedure to maintain the metric stability of a test over the years. Some other applications have been found regarding standard error, reliability and construct validity. (Contains 2 tables and 8 figures.).
A unique, practical manual for identifying and analyzing item bias in standardized tests. Osterlind discusses five strategies for detecting bias: analysis of variance, transformed item difficulties, chi square, item characteristic curve, and distractor response. He covers specific hypotheses under test for each technique, as well as the capabilities and limitations of each strategy.
In the Fourth Edition of Scale Development, Robert F. DeVellis demystifies measurement by emphasizing a logical rather than strictly mathematical understanding of concepts. The text supports readers in comprehending newer approaches to measurement, comparing them to classical approaches, and grasping more clearly the relative merits of each. This edition addresses new topics pertinent to modern measurement approaches and includes additional exercises and topics for class discussion. Available with Perusall—an eBook that makes it easier to prepare for class Perusall is an award-winning eBook platform featuring social annotation tools that allow students and instructors to collaboratively mark up and discuss their SAGE textbook. Backed by research and supported by technological innovations developed at Harvard University, this process of learning through collaborative annotation keeps your students engaged and makes teaching easier and more effective. Learn more.
The second edition of this comprehensive volume presents methods for nonverbal assessment of diverse individuals, such as persons with speech or hearing deficits, limited English skills, or emotional problems. Chapters provide a contemporary context for nonverbal evaluations, accompanied by descriptions of best practices in detecting bias in cognitive tests, multicultural assessment, cross-battery assessment of nonverbal cognitive ability, and psychological and physiological influences on assessment. The book discusses nonverbal assessment of cognition and intelligence as well as related domains, such as academic skills, neurocognitive functioning, personality, and behavior issues. Guidelines for using common nonverbal assessment tools and strategies feature the most up-to-date information on administration and scoring, psychometric properties, and strengths and limitations. Best practices for testing diverse children and adults and using reliable, valid, and fair assessment instruments are emphasized throughout the book. Featured instruments in the Handbook include: The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test, Second Edition (UNIT2). The newest version of the Leiter International Performance Scale (Leiter-3). The Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV). The Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Second Edition (CTONI-2). The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence. The General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA). The Second Edition of the Handbook of Nonverbal Assessment is a must-have resource for researchers and graduate students in school and clinical child psychology, speech and language pathology, educational technology, social work, and related disciplines as well as clinicians, professionals, and in-service educators of diverse students.