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Set in motion by the disputed succession of Maria Theresa and her husband to the lands and dignities of Emperor Charles VI, this series of major conflicts (1740-48) involved far more than just the fate of the Habsurgs: soon, Austria, Prussia, France, Britain, Spain, Bavaria, Saxony and the Netherlands were embroiled in their different but interlocking power struggles, with profound long-term significance for Europe and beyond. The war marks the rise of Prussia to great-power status, and the opening of the struggle between France and Britain for maritime supremacy and colonial empire in North America, the Caribbean and India. This book examines the war and its consequences in their widest context.
While Frederick the Great was fighting Austria over Silesia and France invaded Bohemia, Austria also found its interests in Italy under assault by the Spanish and Neapolitans. This is the history of the war in Italy fought between the Austrians and their Piedmontese Allies against the combined forces of France, Spain, and Italy. It is also the story of how Genoa, which attempted to keep out of the war became the prey of the King of Sardinia. Read about how the Genoese fought to maintain their independence, were conquered by the Austrians, revolted and recovered their independence.
The War of the Austrian Succession was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748 and was fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean. The Battle of Lawfeldt took place on July 2, 1747, between Tongeren, in modern Belgium, and the Dutch city of Maastricht. Part of the War of the Austrian Succession, a French army of 100,000 under Marshal Saxe defeated an allied (Pragmatic) Habsburg army of 120,000, led by the Duke of Cumberland. In the battle simulation, I will try to correct the flaws presented in the historical analysis, testing improvements in the maneuvers. And then we will prove which maneuver will prevail, both being instructed with the best and maximum effort.
The War of the Austrian Succession was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748 and was fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean. Fontenoy was a battle of this war, fought on May 11, 1745, eight kilometers from Tournai, in the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium). Defeated, the Pragmatic allies (Austrian, British and Dutch) retreated towards Brussels, leaving the French in control of the battlefield. In the battle simulation, I will try to correct the flaws presented in the historical analysis, testing improvements in the maneuvers. And then we will prove which maneuver will prevail, both being instructed with the best and maximum effort.
'You have to die in Piedmont ' An old folk song, still played in the western Alps, speaks about the French regiments that were incoming from the Mongeneve Pass in order to attack a combined Austro-Sardinian force entrenched on the Assietta Plateau at 2,500 meters (about 8,200 ft) of elevation in the Cottian Alps, which controls two main roads from France to the Kingdom of Sardinia's capital, Turin. The battle occurred 19 June 1747, and was the bloodiest single day battle not only of the War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) in Italy, but also of the whole military history of the Alps, and of mountain warfare in general. The strategic goal of the French offensive was the siege and the capture of the Fort of Exilles, a fortress in the Susa Valley on the road from Brian on to Turin. An army of about 20,000 soldiers under the command of Louis Charles Armand Fouquet de Belle-Isle (called the Chevalier de Belle-Isle, the younger brother of the Marshal de Belle-Isle) was divided into two corps: one went down the Moncenisio towards Exilles, while the other advanced towards the Chisone Valley, in order to reach the Assietta ridge from the south side. Having predicted that the French would move through it, the King Charles Emmanuel III of Savoy had fortified the area with an entrenched camp garrisoned with 7,000 men of 13 infantry battalions: 9 Sardinian, and 4 Austrian. French intelligence discovered that the allied forces were fortifying the pass, while the main Austrian army had left the siege of Genoa to reach the Alps. So, the decision was taken to attack immediately. The forces involved amounted to 32 French battalions against 13 allied. The French troops were divided into three attacking columns and their movements began at about 16:30 pm. Despite the desperate effort of the soldiers and the personal value of the French officers, all the attacks were repulsed with heavy losses. In a matter of three hours of murderous firefight, five thousand soldiers, out of 27,000 men engaged, were killed, wounded or missing: even the French commander, the Chevalier de Belle-Isle, was killed in the struggle. Since that day, the Battle of Assietta became a sort of military legend for the Sardinian forces, and subsequently for the Italian Army, but no serious attempt to reconstruct the event was ever made. Only the French at the end of the 19th century tried to develop a more detailed study of the struggle by publishing the manuscript written by the Lieutenant-G n ral de Vault in the second half of 18th century. This is therefore the first full work to address the history of this battle.