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The present study deal with the isolation, screening and selection of Aspergillus niger cultures for citric acid fermentation. The organism was isolated from onion and garlic peels which were collected from local market. Pour plate method using Czapak Dos Agar medium was used for isolation. The agar plates were incubated at room temperature for 7 days. Maximum sporulation were obtained and then stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for maintenance and further screening for citric acid fermentation. The cultural conditions and nutritional requirements for citric acid production by the selected culture were optimized in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks by submerged mould culture technique prior to scale up studies in a stirred fermenter. Two types of fermentation were succeeded they are solid and submerged state fermentation. In solid state fermentation basal medium for citric acid production were prepared in 7 conical flasks of about 100 ml each containing 30 g of samples like wastes of apple, pineapple, carrot, beetroot, sugarcane, mosambi and grape and whereas in submerged state fermentation basal medium. The basal medium for citric acid production were prepared in 2 conical flask of about 100 ml each containing 15 ml of samples like date syrup and sugarcane juice were added in 2 conical flasks and 3.5 g of corn flour was also taken in separate flask containing the same amount of basal medium. These samples were then sterilized in an autoclave for 121°C for 15 lbs at 15 mins. These samples were cooled down and were inoculated with Aspergillus niger isolates which were obtained from Czapak Dos Agar medium. These flasks were then kept for incubation at room temperature for further studies. This comparative study of citric acid production in various medium were studied at each intervals up to 14 days of incubation. Pineapple and date syrup have shown an extreme citric acid production when compared to other samples.
Residues from agriculture and the food industry consist of many and varied wastes, in total accounting for over 250 million tonnes of waste per year in the UK alone. Biotechnological processing of these residues would allow these waste products to be used as a resource, with tremendous potential. An extensive range of valuable and usable products can be recovered from what was previously considered waste: including fuels, feeds and pharmaceutical products. In this way Biotechnology can offer many viable alternatives to the disposal of agricultural waste, producing several new products in the process. This book presents up-to-date information on a biotechnology approach for the utilisation of agro-industrial residues, presenting chapters with detailed information on materials and bioconversion technology to obtain products of economic importance: The production of industrial products using agro-industrial residues as substrates The biotechnological potential of agro-industrial residues for bioprocesses Enzymes degrading agro-industrial residues and their production Bioconversion of agro-industrial residues. Written by experts in Biotechnological processing of Agro-Industrial Residues, this book will provide useful information for academic researchers and industry scientists working in biotechnology, waste management, agriculture and the food industry.
This work covers citric acid fermentation methods including recent advances and approaches. The book looks at all aspects of the fermentation process and should be of interest to those working in biotechnology, microbiology and biochemistry.
This book complements others in biotechnology especially in industrialmicrobiology-biotechnology. It has been written with a research andacademic readership in mind but will prove equally beneficial to theprocess technologists and scientists working in biotechnology-basedbusiness and industries, large and small. The chapters include theinformation and facts based on the practically applicable knowledgegathered from up-to-date complete research published on the subjectand related topics. The contents of each chapter deal with How-to , asopposed to a Review of Literature with citation of a large number ofnon-applicable references .
G.HAINNAUX Departement Milieu et Activites Agricoles, Centre ORSTOM, 911 Avenue d' Agropolis, B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex , France. Solid state fermentation, popularly abbreviated as SSF, is currently investigated by many groups throughout the world. The study of this technique was largely neglected in the past in European and Western countries and there is now a high demand for SSF, meaning in food, environment, agricultural, phannaceutical and many other biotechnological applications. It gives me satisfaction to note that the importance of this technique was realised at my department way back in 1975 since then, our team has put concentrated efforts on developing this technique. xvii Foreword Advances in Solid State Fermentation Foreword M. PUYGRENIER Agropolis Valorisation, Avenue d' Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. On the name of the Scientific Community, I would like to express the wish that this International Symposium on SSF should be successful. Solid State Fermentation is part of biotechnology research. It consists on seeding solid culture medium with bacteria or fungi (filamentous or higher) and on producing, in this medium (solid components and exudates) metabolites and high value products. In fact, this process is very old. In older industries such the food and agricultural, this technique has been extensively used. An example of this is the production of pork sausages and Roquefort cheese. Pharmaceutical industry could make extensive use of SSF in the production of secondary metabolites of many kinds and development in this direction is soon expected.
Biotechnology is one of the major technologies of the twenty-first century. Its wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary activities include recombinant DNA techniques, cloning and the application of microbiology to the production of goods from bread to antibiotics. In this new edition of the textbook Basic Biotechnology, biology and bioprocessing topics are uniquely combined to provide a complete overview of biotechnology. The fundamental principles that underpin all biotechnology are explained and a full range of examples are discussed to show how these principles are applied; from starting substrate to final product. A distinctive feature of this text are the discussions of the public perception of biotechnology and the business of biotechnology, which set the science in a broader context. This comprehensive textbook is essential reading for all students of biotechnology and applied microbiology, and for researchers in biotechnology industries.
Papers presented at Specialist Group Meeting & Symposium on Solid State Fermentation, held at Trivandrum, during March 23-24, 1994, organized by the Regional Research Laboratory, Trivandrum.
A comprehensive review of the fundamental molecular mechanisms in fermentation and explores the microbiology of fermentation technology and industrial applications Microbial Sensing in Fermentation presents the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in the process of fermentation and explores the applied art of microbiology and fermentation technology. The text contains descriptions regarding the extraordinary sensing ability of microorganisms towards small physicochemical changes in their surroundings. The contributors — noted experts in the field — cover a wide range of topics such as microbial metabolism and production (fungi, bacteria, yeast etc); refined and non-refined carbon sources; bioprocessing; microbial synthesis, responses and performance; and biochemical, molecular and extra/intracellular controlling. This resource contains a compilation of literature on biochemical and cellular level mechanisms for microbial controlled production and includes the most significant recent advances in industrial fermentation. The text offers a balanced approach between theory and practical application, and helps readers gain a clear understanding of microbial physiological adaptation during fermentation and its cumulative effect on productivity. This important book: Presents the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in microbial sensing in relation to fermentation technology Includes information on the significant recent advances in industrial fermentation Contains contributions from a panel of highly-respected experts in their respective fields Offers a resource that will be essential reading for scientists, professionals and researchers from academia and industry with an interest in the biochemistry and microbiology of fermentation technology Written for researchers, graduate and undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds, such as biochemistry and applied microbiology, Microbial Sensing in Fermentation offers a review of the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in the process of fermentation.
Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Production, Isolation and Purification of Industrial Products provides extensive coverage of new developments, state-of-the-art technologies, and potential future trends, focusing on industrial biotechnology and bioengineering practices for the production of industrial products, such as enzymes, organic acids, biopolymers, and biosurfactants, and the processes for isolating and purifying them from a production medium. During the last few years, the tools of molecular biology and genetic and metabolic engineering have rendered tremendous improvements in the production of industrial products by fermentation. Structured by industrial product classifications, this book provides an overview of the current practice, status, and future potential for the production of these agents, along with reviews of the industrial scenario relating to their production. - Provides information on industrial bioprocesses for the production of microbial products by fermentation - Includes separation and purification processes of fermentation products - Presents economic and feasibility assessments of the various processes and their scaling up - Links biotechnology and bioengineering for industrial process development