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This report presents a cost analysis of Isobutylene production from isobutane using a dehydrogenation process. The process examined is similar to UOP Oleflex process. In this process, the dehydrogenation reaction is carried out in a moving-bed reactor. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Isobutene, Continuous Catalyst Regeneration, CCR
This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) production from an isobutylene stream from an isobutane dehydrogenation plant and methanol. The process examined is similar to UOP's Ethermax process for isobutylene etherification. In this process the etherification reaction is conducted in two steps, the first step being a conventional reactor and the second a reactive distillation column. Other established commercial etherification processes with similar configuration, like CBI's CDMTBE, Axens' MTBE Process and Evonik's MTBE Process may as well be represented by the economic analysis presented in this report. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Meyers, R., 2003, Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, 3rd Edition Keywords: Etherification Reaction, butane dehydrogenation, isobutylene synthesis, Fuel Additive, Oxygenates
This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) production from butane and methanol. The process examined makes use of the following catalytic processes: n-butane isomerization, similar to UOP's Butamer process; isobutane dehydrogenation, similar to UOP's Oleflex process; and isobutylene etherification, similar to UOP's Ethermax process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Meyers, R., 2003, Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes, 3rd Edition Keywords: Etherification Reaction, butane dehydrogenation, isobutylene synthesis, Fuel Additive, Oxygenates
This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) production from isobutylene using an oxidation process. The process examined is similar to Sumitomo/Nippon Shokubai process. In this process, methacrylic acid (MAA) intermediate is initially produced by two-stage catalytic oxidation of isobutene. Then, MAA is esterified with methanol to produce MMA. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) EP Patent 1052017, issued to Nippon Shokubai in 2012 (2) "Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Isobutene, Methylpropene, Esterification, Two-Stage Oxidation, Japan Methacryl Monomer, JMM
This report presents a cost analysis of Methacrylic Acid (MAA) production from isobutylene. The process examined is a typical oxidation process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Unsaturated Polyester, UPR, MAA, i-Butylene
This report presents a cost analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) production from butane and ethanol. The process examined consists of four catalytic processes: n-butane isomerization, similar to UOP's Butamer process; isobutane dehydrogenation, similar to UOP's Butamer process; diolefins saturation, similar to UOP's CSP process and isobutylene etherification, similar to UOP's Ethermax process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Etherification Reaction, butane dehydrogenation, isobutylene synthesis, Fuel Additive, Oxygenates
This report presents a cost analysis of large-scale Methanol production from natural gas. The process examined employs combined reforming for syngas generation similarly to the technologies developed by the following companies: Lurgi, Toyo, KBR, Johnson Matthey/Davy and Haldor-Topsoe. In this process, natural gas is converted into syngas in two steps: steam reforming and autothermal reforming. In the steam reformer, the natural gas reacts with steam and, in the secondary (autothermal) reformer, it reacts with oxygen. The syngas generated is then converted to Methanol. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8629190, issued to Lurgi in 2014; (2) US Patent 8388864, issued to Lurgi in 2013 Keywords: Synthesis Gas, Lurgi MegaMethanol, Johnson Matthey, JM Davy Technologies, Toyo, Kellogg Brown and Root, KBR, Johnson Matthey/Davy, Haldor-Topsoe
This report presents alternatives for producing Ethylene from different feedstocks and a cost comparison of these alternatives, across different countries. More specifically, the report compares the costs of Ethylene production through the following pathways: * Pathway 1: Ethylene Production from Ethane * Pathway 2: Ethylene Production from Ethane and Propane * Pathway 3: Green Ethylene Production from Ethanol In Pathways 1 and 2, Ethylene is produced via steam cracking of different feedstocks: ethane and a mixture of ethane and propane. In Pathway 3, Ethylene is produced from ethanol, which is a renewable feedstock. The analysis presented in this report includes: * A comparison of the economic potential of the pathways listed above in several countries, comprising: - Comparative analysis of capital costs - Comparative analysis of production costs - Comparison between product price and raw materials costs of each pathway * An overview of each production pathway, including: - Raw material(s) consumption figures and product(s) generated - Related technology licensors and block flow diagram of representative industrial processes Keywords: Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis, Cracking Furnace, Ethene, Propene, Shale Gas, CB&I Lummus, Technip, Shaw Stone & Webster, Kellogg-Braun & Root, KBR, Linde, Green Ethylene, Braskem, Chematur Technologies, Petron Scientech, Scientific Design, Dow Chemical, BP, Ethanol Dehydration
This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) production from a crude C4s raffinate-1 stream and methanol The process examined is similar to UOP's Ethermax process for isobutylene etherification. In this process the etherification reaction is conducted in two steps, the first step being a conventional reactor and the second a reactive distillation column. Other established commercial etherification processes with similar configuration, like CBI's CDMTBE, Axens' MTBE Process and Evonik's MTBE Process may as well be represented by the economic analysis presented in this report. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Bertau, M., et al., 2014, Methanol: The Basic Chemical and Energy Feedstock of the Future, 1st edition Keywords: Etherification Reaction, Fluid Catalytic Cracking, Crude C4, Steam Cracking C4
This report presents a cost analysis of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) production from raffinate-1 and methanol The process examined is similar to UOP's Ethermax process for isobutylene etherification. In this process the etherification reaction is conducted in two steps, the first step being a conventional reactor and the second a reactive distillation column. Other established commercial etherification processes with similar configuration, like CBI's CDMTBE, Axens' MTBE Process and Evonik's MTBE Process may as well be represented by the economic analysis presented in this report. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Etherification Reaction, Steam Cracking C4, Raffinate-1, Fuel Additive, Oxygenates