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The status of the National Irrigation Return Flow Research and Development Program is presented. Current research projects and future program development are discussed. The report represents the position of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with regard to the development of effective controls on the quality of irrigation return flows. Program goals and milestones are outlined. A number of potential control measures are discussed. Improvements in the water delivery system, on-the-farm water management, and the water removal system are considered with respect to improving the quality of irrigation return flows and decreasing the degradation of receiving waters. Research and investigations are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of potential control measures. Demonstrations and educational activities will be required to overcome institutional, political, and legal constraints to water management reform.
There are a multitude of research needs regarding irrigation return flow quality, but only the specific research needs required to undertake an effective control program are described. These research needs include irrigation practices, soil-plant-salinity relationships, leaching requirements, prediction of subsurface return flow, cultural practices, irrigation scheduling, treatment of return flows, economic evaluations, and institutional control methods.