Download Free Iron And Carbon Cycling In Subalpine Wetland Soils Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Iron And Carbon Cycling In Subalpine Wetland Soils and write the review.

Iron (Fe) is essential to plants, microbes, and animals, is an important element in weathered soils from tropical and subtropical regions due to its reactivity toward carbon (C) and nutrients and its ability to serve as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. Humid (sub)tropical and iron-rich soils naturally experience fluctuations in soil moisture, oxygen content, and hence, redox potential due to elevated but intermittent rainfall and high inputs of labile carbon from decomposed litter. Soils from the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory (LCZO), Puerto Rico, are well-suited for studying the impact of redox fluctuations on Fe and C biogeochemistry. I conducted two laboratory experiments, exploring coupled Fe-C mechanisms, and one field experiment, using LCZO soils. Both lab experiments were conducted using soil in a slurry, which minimizes spatial variability and involved shifting between anoxic and oxic conditions. In the first lab study, I found that iron reduction rates increased when redox oscillations occurred more frequently. In the second lab experiment, I varied the time under oxic conditions (Ï4oxic) in both long and short oscillation periods. For the long treatments (Ï4anoxic at 6 d), I observed that as Ï4oxic decreased from 72 to 24 to 8 hours, Fe reduction rates increased, CO2 emissions remained unchanged, and CH4 emissions decreased; and for the short treatments (Ï4anoxic at 2 d), FeII and trace gases emissions decreased throughout the experiment. For the field experiment, I monitored several biogeochemical variables involved in Fe-C redox processes in triplicate catenas at ridge, slope, and valley positions. I found that soil moisture was a predictor for changes in FeII, rapidly-reducible Fe oxides (FeIIIRR), pH, Eh, and DOC. Valleys were more responsive to environmental changes than the other landscape positions. I also conducted three other lab studies (using LCZO soils) and one field experiment at the Calhoun CZO, in South Carolina (each are reported briefly in the Appendices). In conclusion, under natural and laboratory redox fluctuating systems, iron exerts a strong biogeochemical influence on the carbon dynamics of soils from humid (sub)tropical regions with important climate change and environmental implications.
A Major Revision of the Previous EditionWetland Soils: Genesis, Hydrology, Landscapes, and Classification, Second Edition contains 11 new chapters and additional updates written by new authors with a broad range of related field and academic experience. This revised work augments the previous material on wetland functions and restorations, while ma
Forty-two chapters by international experts from a wide range ofdisciplines make The Wetlands Handbook the essential toolfor those seeking comprehensive understanding of the subject. Adeparture from more traditional treatises, this text examinesfreshwater wetland ecosystem science from the fundamentals toissues of management and policy. Introductory chapters address the scope and significance ofwetlands globally for communities, culture and biodiversity.Subsequent sections deal with processes underpinning wetlandfunctioning, how wetlands work, their uses and values for humansand nature, their sensitivity to external impacts, and how they maybe restored. The text is illustrated by numerous examples,emphasising functional and holistic approaches to wetlandmanagement, including case studies on the wise use andrehabilitation of wetlands in farmed, urban, industrial and otherdamaged environments, highlighting the long-term benefits ofmultiple use. The Wetlands Handbook will provide aninvaluable reference for researchers, managers, policy-makers andstudents of wetland sciences.
The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.