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Fifty years after the founding of NASA, from 28 to 29 October 2008, the NASA History Division convened a conference whose purpose was a scholarly analysis of NASA's first 50 years. Over two days at NASA Headquarters, historians and policy analysts discussed NASA's role in aeronautics, human spaceflight, exploration, space science, life science, and Earth science, as well as crosscutting themes ranging from space access to international relations in space and NASA's interaction with the public. The speakers were asked to keep in mind the following questions: What are the lessons learned from the first 50 years? What is NASA's role in American culture and in the history of exploration and discovery? What if there had never been a NASA? Based on the past, does NASA have a future? The results of those papers, elaborated and fully referenced, are found in this 50th anniversary volume. The reader will find here, instantiated in the complex institution that is NASA, echoes of perennial themes elaborated in an earlier volume, Critical Issues in the History of Spaceflight. The conference culminated a year of celebrations, beginning with an October 2007 conference celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Space Age and including a lecture series, future forums, publications, a large presence at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival, and numerous activities at NASA's 10 Centers and venues around the country. It took place as the Apollo 40th anniversaries began, ironically still the most famous of NASA's achievements, even in the era of the Space Shuttle, International Space Station (ISS), and spacecraft like the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) and the Hubble Space Telescope. And it took place as NASA found itself at a major crossroads, for the first time in three decades transitioning, under Administrator Michael Griffin, from the Space Shuttle to a new Ares launch vehicle and Orion crew vehicle capable of returning humans to the Moon and proceeding to Mars in a program known as Constellation. The Space Shuttle, NASA's launch system since 1981, was scheduled to wind down in 2010, freeing up funds for the new Ares launch vehicle. But the latter, even if it moved forward at all deliberate speed, would not be ready until 2015, leaving the unsettling possibility that for at least five years the United States would be forced to use the Russian Soyuz launch vehicle and spacecraft as the sole access to the ISS in which the United States was the major partner. The presidential elections a week after the conference presaged an imminent presidential transition, from the Republican administration of George W. Bush to (as it turned out) the Democratic presidency of Barack Obama, with all the uncertainties that such transitions imply for government programs. The uncertainties for NASA were even greater, as Michael Griffin departed with the outgoing administration and as the world found itself in an unprecedented global economic downturn, with the benefits of national space programs questioned more than ever before. There was no doubt that 50 years of the Space Age had altered humanity in numerous ways ranging from applications satellites to philosophical world views. Throughout its 50 years, NASA has been fortunate to have a strong sense of history and a robust, independent, and objective history program to document its achievements and analyze its activities. Among its flagship publications are Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program, of which seven of eight projected volumes were completed at the time of the 50th anniversary. The reader can do no better than to turn to these volumes for an introduction to NASA history as seen through its primary documents. The list of NASA publications at the end of this volume is also a testimony to the tremendous amount of historical research that the NASA History Division has sponsored over the last 50 years, of which this is the latest volume.
Arterial chemoreceptors are unique structures which continuously monitor changes in arterial blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and acid. Alterations in these gases are almost instantaneously sensed by arterial chemoreceptors and relayed into a physiological response which restores blood homeostasis. Arterial Chemoreception contains updated material regarding the physiology of the primary arterial chemoreceptor; the carotid body. Moreover, this book also explores tantalizing evidence regarding the contribution of the aortic bodies, chromaffin cells, lung neuroepithelial bodies, and brainstem areas involved in monitoring changes in blood gases. Furthermore this collection includes data showing the critical importance of these chemoreceptors in the pathophysiology of human disease and possible therapeutic treatments. This book is a required text for any researcher in the field of arterial chemoreception for years to come. It is also a critical text for physicians searching for bench-to-bedside treatments for heart failure, sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension.
"The initial stages of this book were developed together with Tihamer Salij"--Colophon.
As the nineteenth century began, the United States was a country in search of definition, of national character. Like other Americans, Southerners found the process of national self-definition urgent and exhilarating.
Miami and Miami Beach from the ground up "This book provides an important--and readable--addition to the bookshelf addressing the context of contemporary Miami and Miami Beach. By presenting the built environment of the Miami area for its compelling variety and unique mélange of styles, the authors go far in interpreting a long overlooked portion of our continent."--Gregory W. Bush, coauthor of Miami: An American Crossroad A major urban center perched between vast natural ecosystems, Miami is known for a strikingly diverse built environment that is barely 100 years old. Within this brief span, the city has constantly reinvented itself, seeking a tangible identity as Florida's largest metropolis. In this invented landscape, architecture, landscape design, and urban planning have played a particularly important role in creating Miami's modern character and unique identity. Miami Architecture grew out of the Miami Architecture Project, a community-based, nonprofit association that organized more than a dozen local forums to develop deeper appreciation of architecture and the role of architecture in community revitalization. Ideal for residents, professionals, vacationers, and day-trippers, this authoritative guidebook provides a broad, accessible architectural overview of the notable buildings that can be found in the core of downtown Miami, Miami Beach, and Coconut Grove.
"The breadth of approaches represented here will make this an invaluable resource." Peter Spiro Charles Weiner Professor of Law Temple University Law School.
The two organs of the body most accessible to examination are the eye and the skin and its appendages. That is why, it is said, ophthalmological genetics is in such flourishing good health. Dermatological genetics does not seem to have benefited so much from the skin being on the outside, and there are but few dermatological counterparts to the volumes of Sorsby, Waardenburg, Franceschetti and Franr,;ois, among others. But thanks to the growing interest in medical genetics, and the modern sophisticated tech niques of molecular, biochemical, and ultrastructural examination, der matology is beginning to catch up, as the appearance of this volume testifies. Because of the growing body of knowledge and the heightened awareness of genetics by both patients and physicians, dermatologists not only will be asked more often about the inheritance of skin conditions they diagnose but increasingly will have the opportunity to diagnose a variety of inborn errors and syndromes by their dermatologic manifestations. On the other hand, syndromologists, clinical geneticists, and physicians are continually seeing patients with diagnostic clues in the skin that they must be able to appreciate. For both groups this book will be a new and valuable source of help. Spring 1979 F. CLARKE FRASER, Ph.D., M.D.
This biographical dictionary presents full information on 400 artists whose influence and illustrative contributions to the fields of science fiction and fantasy literature helped define the 20th century as the "Science Fiction Century" and helped established science fiction and fantasy as unique and identifiable genres. In addition to providing inclusive biographical data on venerable artists from Chris Achilleos to John Michael Zeleznik, each entry also includes a bibliographic listing of each artist's published work in the genre.
Recounts the childhood adventures of the poet from Indiana, James Whitcomb Riley.