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Investing in a solid waste collection business in a university campus can be a lucrative investment. However, finding out it s feasibility while taking into consideration the risks and rewards can be a complicated task. Through an example of a real project, this book will guide you through the steps and ways of gathering all necessary information and demonstrate financial aspects and results to reaching an informed investment decision. This book will show the factors and risks a potential investor must take into consideration to make correct decisions, i.e. whether to invest or not to invest in the business opportunity.
Despite heavy municipal spending on solid waste management, most cities fail to provide efficient, reliable, universal collection services or environmentally safe disposal - at high costs to public health and the environment. Bank lending should emphasize strategic service planning, better institutional arrangements, more efficient management and finances, and environmental protection.
The EIB performs economic appraisals of the projects it considers for investment. Thereby, it ensures that projects add sufficient value to society to merit support. Beyond considerations of financial profitability to investors, the economic appraisal also addresses the wider value generated by the project to society. This comprises benefits and costs to project final users, the taxpayer and third parties, allowing for all applicable market failures, such as environmental externalities. Since the publication of the first edition of this document in 2013, the EIB has been transformed into the EU Climate Bank. The way it values carbon emissions has been updated, as have various other elements of economic appraisal, in keeping with developments in the specialist literature, policy and practice. This second edition of the document gives the reader an updated view of how economic appraisal is currently conducted at the Bank. It also mentions the areas on which the EIB is currently working to ensure that it is at the forefront of economic appraisal practice.
In most cases of civil engineering development, a range of alternative schemes meeting project goals are feasible, so some form of evaluation must be carried out to select the most appropriate to take forward. Evaluation criteria usually include the economic, environmental and social contexts of a project as well as the engineering challenges, so engineers must be familiar with the processes and tools used. The second edition of Engineering Project Appraisal equips students with the understanding and analytical tools to carry out effective appraisals of alternative development schemes, using both economic and non-economic criteria. The building blocks of economic appraisal are covered early, leading to techniques such as net present worth, internal rate of return and annual worth. Cost Benefit Analysis is dealt with in detail, together with related methods such as Cost Effectiveness and the Goal Achievement Matrix. The text also details three multi-criteria models which have proved useful in the evaluation of proposals in the transportation, solid waste, energy and water resources fields: the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Model, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and Concordance Analysis. There is a full discussion dealing with risk and uncertainty in these models. With many worked examples and case studies, Engineering Project Appraisal is an essential text for both undergraduate and postgraduate students on professional civil engineering courses, and it is expected that students on planning and construction management courses will find it a valuable addition to their reading.