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The Concise Encyclopedia of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis: History, Theory, Technology, and Products helps students and scientists understand the fundamental concepts behind self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). SHS-based technologies provide valuable alterations to traditional methods of material fabrication, such as powder metallurgy, conventional and force sintering, casting, extrusion, high isostatic pressure sintering, and others. The book captures the whole spectrum of the chemistry, physics, reactions, materials, and processes of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. This book is an indispensable resource not only to scientists working in the field of SHS, but also to researchers in multidisciplinary fields such as chemical engineering, metallurgy, material science, combustion, explosion, and the chemistry of solids. Written by high-level experts in the field from 20 different countries, along with editors who are founders of the field Covers 169 topics in the field of SHS Features new phenomena, such as acoustics and high-energy reactions in combustion synthesis Provides an overview of many aspects of the constructive application of the combustion phenomenon, for example, in the fabrication of advanced materials
This report presents an historical perspective and contributions of U.S. researchers into the field of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)/Combustion Synthesis (CS) and personal reflections of the authors from about 1976 to the present for a special meeting in Chernogolovka, Russia - SHS-40 - celebrating 40 years of SHS research (International Conference on Historical Aspects of SHS in Different Countries, 22-27 October 2007, Chernogolovka, Russia). The review is presented in the context of the pioneering publication of Merzhanov, Skhiro, and Borovinskaya in 1967 and their subsequent activities. Included in the appendices are the power point charts used by the authors: part 1 by McCauley describes work in the U.S. from 1976 to 1996 and part 2 by Puszynski similarly for 1996 to the present.
Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Materials is a collection of papers that reflects modern trends in self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis (SHS), a process for synthesis of modern materials carried out in the mode of autowave solid-flame combustion. To date, SHS-produced materials have found their application in different branches of modern science and technology, mechanical engineering, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, aerospace engineering, chemical industry, electrical engineering, and electronics. This book is useful not only for the SHS community, but also for researchers and engineers who are active in the following related fields of knowledge; theory and practice of combustion, materials science and technology, pure and applied chemistry, and metallurgy.
Titanium carbide (TiC) and titanium diboride (TiB2 ceramics were formed from elemental powders using a Gleeble 1500 dynamic thermomechanical process simulator. In the first step of a two-step process, a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction was initiated by the passage of an electric current through the powdered green body. The temperature of the body was maintained at about 800 deg C, and the reaction rate was controlled by the application of a pressure of about 35 MPa. As verified by x-ray diffraction analysis, this procedure resulted in complete conversion from reactants into products having a range of densities from 72 to 75% of theoretical. In the second step, the current was increased to raise the temperature of the material, thereby sintering and densifying the product. TiC with 3 wt.% nickel (Ni) was sintered to 95 to 98% of theoretical density, while TiC without Ni was sintered to 90% theoretical density. Although TiB2 was successfully converted, efforts to fully densify the product were hindered by the limitations of the Gleeble 1500. The effects of the current and pressure levels on the product density and microstructure were examined. The advantages and limitations of this process are also discussed.
This report presents an historical perspective and contributions of U.S. researchers into the field of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)/Combustion Synthesis (CS) and personal reflections of the authors from about 1976 to the present for a special meeting in Chernogolovka, Russia - SHS-40 - celebrating 40 years of SHS research (International Conference on Historical Aspects of SHS in Different Countries, 22-27 October 2007, Chernogolovka, Russia). The review is presented in the context of the pioneering publication of Merzhanov, Skhiro, and Borovinskaya in 1967 and their subsequent activities. Included in the appendices are the power point charts used by the authors: part 1 by McCauley describes work in the U.S. from 1976 to 1996 and part 2 by Puszynski similarly for 1996 to the present.
This book summarizes the state of the art in combustion synthesis of advanced materials. It is a first attempt to summarize and critically review in one monograph the mechanisms of combustion and product structure formation for a variety of systems, including nanosystems. The authors discuss a wide range of topics including phenomenology, theory, and modern in-situ experimental approaches to investigate the heterogeneous self-sustained reactions, as well as properties of the product synthesized, and methods for large-scale materials production.
Nano-oxide materials lend themselves to applications in a wide variety of emerging technological fields such as microelectronics, catalysts, ceramics, coatings, and energy storage. However, developing new routes for making nano-based materials is a challenging area for solid-state materials chemists. This book does just that by describing a novel method for preparing them. The authors have developed a novel low-temperature, self-propagating synthetic route to nano-oxides by the solution combustion and combustible precursor processes. This method provides the desired composition, structure, and properties for many types of technologically useful nanocrystalline oxide materials like alumina, ceria, iron oxides, titania, yttria, and zirconia, among others.The book is particularly instructive in bringing readers one step closer to the exploration of nanomaterials. Students of nanoscience can acquaint themselves with the actual production and evaluation of nanopowders by this route, while academic researchers and industrial scientists will find answers to a host of questions on nano-oxides. The book also provides an impetus for scientists in industrial research to evaluate and explore new ways to scale up the production of nanomaterials, offering helpful suggestions for further research.
Chevrel phase compounds (MxMo6S8-CPs) constitute a class of multifunctional material which attracted significant attention for catalysis, battery material and quantum computing. Multifunctionality of these materials is based on unique structure of Mo6S8 building block which allows intercalation of over 40 ternary elements. Such versatility of the structure creates wide range of chemistries that lead to superatomic ordering. The main limitation to utilize is processing of these compounds in reproducible manner. In this work a novel synthesis process called self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) has been used. We have demonstrated processing of sulfide-Chevrel phase compounds with semiconducting properties for the first time. The reaction mechanism involved in SHS of CPs is studied to understand the kinetic processes associated with the spontaneous combustion of the precursors at a given (ignition) temperature. Precursor size, mixing, and ignition temperature of the reaction affect the synthesis time and yield of the final products. Revised criteria for the initiation of SHS has been proposed. It was found that reaction for the mixture of xM: 2Mo: 4MoS2 via SHS can be initiated below melting point of lowest melting point component system. This new finding can open new avenues for SHS synthesis as it allows material processing via SHS at relatively lower temperature with complete transformation in short duration of time. Fastest recorded synthesis for Chevrel phase compound was achieved in just one minute of direct exposure to 1050 oC in a quartz reaction chamber under vacuum. Ultra-fast nature of phase transformation was attributed to novel concept of “Intercalation Assisted Massive Phase Transformation”. The semiconducting Sulfide-Chevrel phase produced in this research work includes: Cu4Mo6S8, Ni2Mo6S8 and Fe2Mo6S8. Respective optical bandgaps were estimated to be 1.67 eV, 1.74 eV and 1.63 eV. Sulfide-CPs exhibited favorable bandgap in Visible-light activated range. This was verified with Ni2Mo6S8 synthesized via SHS for photo-oxidative desulfurization of thiophene in n-Octane with 100 ppm of sulfur concentration. Complete removal of sulfur containing thiophene from n-Octane was reported after 2 hours of visible light irradiation.