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In the past 40 years, studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between levels of parental involvement and school performance of bilingual students (Clark, 1983; Cronsnoe, 2001; Epstein, 1995; Gillum, 1977). Among all the different factors that contribute to the bilingual learners' literacy development, home-context is ranked as one of the most important factors. Children enter formal school settings holding the knowledge that arises within their home-context (Marsh and Turner-Vorbeck, 2010). Although extensive research has concluded that Chinese parents generally hold positive attitude towards bilingual education (Lao, 2004; Li, 2006), it remains largely unknown how they translate their beliefs into home practices (Li, 2006). This study is an ethnographic case study of two Chinese families. These two groups of parents share a similar cultural background as well as their education level and annual revenue. However, one group of parents relies heavily on multi-media aids to promote their child's literacy development at home, while the other group is inclined to encourage children's interest in language learning by inviting them to participate in various culture-related activities. By controlling for cultural backgrounds, namely Chinese heritage and immigrant status (e.g. both groups of parents are green-card holders, and they have been living in U.S for more than five years), this study examines 1) the different strategies which are employed by the parents in maintaining Chinese as a minority language and in promoting its culture's heritage, 2) the potential influence these teaching strategies have upon the construction of bilingual learner's ethnic identity, and 3) the role which ethnic identity has played in promoting heritage language acquisition.
A resource handbook is presented that provides an overview of parent and community involvement to assist local and state education agencies, higher education institutions, and other nonprofit organizations in enhancing the partnership between school and home for the benefit of minority language group students. The guide covers the following topics: establishing and maintaining effective parent and community involvement, Title VII programs, the Federal bilingual education Part C research agenda, and related resources. The section on Title VII programs with an emphasis on parent training describes the related legislation and parameters for capacity-building (basic) grants, demonstration projects, and parent training programs, also listing them by state. The section on program implementation cites three examples of parent training programs. The section on the Part C research agenda outlines the perceived research needs and summarizes a study of parental involvement in four Federal education programs. The section on resources gives the addresses of Title VII resources (bilingual education multifunctional support centers; evaluation, dissemination and assessment centers; the National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education, and state education agencies) and other associations, organizations, and institutes. A bibliography of relevant journal articles from 1979-83 is appended. (MSE)
This book looks closely at Yi bilingual education practice in the southwest of China from an educationalist’s perspective and, in doing so, provides an insight toward our understanding of minority language maintenance and bilingual education implementation in China. The book provides an overview on the Yi people since 1949, their history, society, culture, customs and languages. Adopting the theory of language ecology, data was collected among different Yi groups and case studies were focused on Yi bilingual schools. By looking into the application of the Chinese government’s multilingual language and education policy over the last 30 years with its underlying language ideology and practices the book reveals the de facto language policy by analyzing the language management at school level, the linguistic landscape around the Yi community, as well as the language attitude and cultural identities held by present Yi students, teachers and parents. The book is relevant for anyone looking to more deeply understand bilingual education and language maintenance in today’s global context.
This book provides an in-depth examination of minority language maintenance and loss within a group of first-generation Spanish-speaking families in the early-21st century, post-industrial, hyper-globalized US Midwest, an area that has a recent history of Latino settlement and has a low ethnolinguistic vitality for Spanish. It looks specifically at language ‘in the small spaces’, that is, everyday interactions within households and families, and gives a detailed account of the gendered nature of linguistic transmission in immigrant households, as well as offering insights into the sociolinguistic aspects of language contact dynamics. Starting with the question of why speakers choose to use and transmit their family language in communities with few opportunities to use it, this book presents the reader with a theoretical model of language maintenance in low vitality settings. It incorporates mothers’ voices and perspectives on mothering, their families’ well-being, and their role in cultural/linguistic transmission and compares the self-perceptions, motivations, attitudes and language acquisition histories of members of two generations within the same household. It will appeal to researchers and educators interested in bilingualism, language maintenance and family language dynamics as well as to those working in the areas of education, immigration and sociology.
Even a cursory look at conference programs and proceedings reveals a burgeoning interest in the field of social and affective factors in home language maintenance and development. To date, however, research on this topic has been published in piecemeal fashion, subsumed under the more general umbrella of ‘bilingualism’. Within bilingualism research, there has been an extensive exploration of linguistic and psycholinguistic perspectives on the one hand, and educational practices and outcomes on the other. In comparison, social and affective factors – which lead people to either maintain or shift the language – have been under-researched. This is the first volume that brings together the different strands in research on social and affective factors in home language maintenance and development, ranging from the micro-level (family language policies and practices), to the meso-level (community initiatives) and the macro-level (mainstream educational policies and their implementation). The volume showcases a wide distribution across contexts and populations explored. Contributors from around the world represent different research paradigms and perspectives, providing a rounded overview of the state-of-the-art in this flourishing field.
This collection of studies investigates the individual, micro-psychological, and macro-societal factors that promote or discourage the development of child and young adult heritage language learners' spoken and written skills in East Asian languages (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean). The research presented in this book is based on empirical data from various learning and social settings in the United States and Canada. The contributors are themselves mostly from East Asian immigrant backgrounds and have worked closely with students from such backgrounds. This book also speaks to the needs for future research within East Asian communities that will (a) promote East Asian heritage language development in applied linguistics, (b) encourage parental, community, and national support for East Asian heritage language development, and (c) improve the teaching of oral and written skills for heritage learners of East Asian languages in various educational settings.
This book looks at how families can support and increase bilingualism through planned strategies. One such strategy is the one person-one language approach, where each parent speaks his or her language. Over a hundred families from around the world were questioned and thirty families were interviewed in-depth about how they pass on their language in bilingual or trilingual families.
This report is the culmination of a process that began in 1994, at a planning meeting to determine whether there was a sufficient knowledge base to inform the development of a research agenda on the education of language minority children. A committee was established to review what is known about the linguistic, cognitive, and social processes involved in the education of English language learners. Published information was reviewed in the areas of language, literacy, learning, and social processes, assessment and evaluation, studies of effective instruction and teacher education, and national education statistics. Infrastructure issues were addressed through a primary data collection effort. The report shows that considerable knowledge is available about educating English language learners and bilingual students. Findings about the state of knowledge and research needs are summarized in the following chapters: (1) "Overview"; (2) "Bilingualism and Second-Language Learning"; (3) "Cognitive Aspects of School Learning: Literacy Development and Content Learning"; (4) "The Social Context of School Learning"; (5) "Student Assessment"; (6) "Program Evaluation"; (7) "Studies of School and Classroom Effectiveness"; (8) "Preparation and Development of Teachers Serving English-Language Learners"; (9) "Estimating Population Parameters"; (10) "Issues Related to the Research Infrastructure"; and (11) "Priorities for Research." Four appendixes discuss the research infrastructure, interviews conducted, funded research activities, and committee sources. Each chapter contains references. (Contains two tables). (SLD)
'Bringing up a Bilingual Child' is aimed at (existing or soon-to-be) parents in families where more than one language is spoken, as well as anyone in the extended circle of family and friend of such multilingual families, as well as for anyone coming into contact with them. The aim of the book is to help multilingual families to create a supportive environment for children in which they naturally grow up to speak more than one language. The intention is to give you an easy-to-read-and-use guide to multilingual parenting, providing motivation, ideas, advice and answers to any questions parents may have.
This volume is an up-to-date, concise introduction to bilingualism and multilingualism in schools, in the workplace, and in international institutions in a globalized world. The authors use a problem-solving approach and ask broad questions about bilingualism and multilingualism in society, including the question of language acquisition versus maintenance of bilingualism. Key features: provides a state-of-the-art description of different areas in the context of multilingualism and multilingual communication presents a critical appraisal of the relevance of the field, offers solutions of everyday language-related problems international handbook with contributions from renown experts in the field