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The research program investigated non-equilibrium plasmas with a variety of simple gases for the purpose of obtaining experimental data that can be used to anchor analytical models of flowing plasmas suitable for various electric propulsion devices. A microwave plasma generator(MPG) operating. at .2.45GHz and 3kW was the initial source of the plasmas. The working fluids included: argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The research also included investigation of several MHD devices placed at the outlet of the MPG to accelerate the plasmas to velocities of interest for propulsion so that the plasma plume data could be obtained in representative environments. Diagnostic methods included Langmuir probes and a Rayleigh scattering technique. The latter experienced poor signal to noise ratios that are believed to be a result of the small vacuum bell jar in which the experiments were conducted. Electron densities and other key parameters are presented for the range of working fluids and acceleration devices.
The NATO . Advanced Research Insti tute on Nonequilibrium Processes in Partially Ionized Gases was held at Acquafredda di Maratea during 4-17 June 1989. The Institute considered the interconnections between scattering and transport theories and modeling of nonequilibrium systems generated by electrical discharges, emphasizing the importance of microscopic processes in affecting the bulk properties of plasmas. The book tries to reproduce these lines. In particular several contributions describe scattering cross sections involving electrons interacting with atoms and molecules in both ground and excited states (from theoretical and experimental point of view), of energy transfer processes as well as reactive ones involving excited molecules colliding with atoms and molecules as well as with metallic surfaces. Other contributions deal with the basis of transport theories (Boltzmann and Monte Carlo methods) for describing the bulk properties of non equilibrium plasmas as well as with the modeling of complicated systems emphasizing in particular the strong coupling between the Boltzmann equation and excited state kinetics. Finally the book contains several contributions describing applications in different fields such as Excimer Lasers, Negative Ion Production, RF Discharges, Plasma Chemistry, Atmospheric Processes and Physics of Lamps. The Organizing Committee gratefully acknowledges the generous financial support provided by the NATO Science Committee as well as by Azienda Autonoma di Soggiorno e Turismo of Maratea, by University of Bari, by C. N. R. (Centro di Studio per la Chimica dei Plasmi and Comitato per la Chimica), by ENEA, by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and by US Army Research Office.